Diagn Cytopathol. 2021 Sep 15. doi: 10.1002/dc.24874. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:34525270 | DOI:10.1002/dc.24874
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Eccrine spiradenoma mimicking adenoid cystic carcinoma cytologically (Two case reports and literature review)
Fetched: September 16th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Burcu Guzelbey
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Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization Study of 13 Cases
Fetched: September 15th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Jiao-Jie Lv
Histopathology. 2021 Sep 13. doi: 10.1111/his.14565. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: The study aimed to investigate the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and chromosomal features of primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC).
METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed 13 cases identified on their clinicopathological features and performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on 6 available cases. Head and neck (46.2%) were most commonly involved. The median age was 53 years with a male predilection. Histologically, tumors were classified as grade I (8), grade II (4), grade III with high-grade transformation (1). The HGT component was demonstrated as poorly differentiated carcinoma with multifocal necrosis and myoepithelial differentiation. Patients with one of the following factors: longest diameter of the lesion (≥1cm), involvement of subcutaneous fat tissue, and widely infiltrative border had a relatively higher rate of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and death. 5 out of 6 cases were confirmed to have MYB translocation, while nuclear staining for MYB protein was found in 4 cases. During the follow-up (median 64 months), two patients experienced local recurrences. One of them, who was classified as Grade III PCACC with HGT, developed multiple metastases and died of disease. Another patient was alive with multiple metastases.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest single-institution study of PCACC in an Asian population. We described the first case of scalp PCACC with HGT, which is the only death case in our series. PCACC tends to recur locally and has metastatic potential. PCACC with HGT has a poor prognosis.
PMID:34519081 | DOI:10.1111/his.14565
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Diagnostic utility of p63/p40 in the histologic differentiation of salivary gland tumors: A systematic review
Fetched: September 15th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by N Sivakumar
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021 Jul 21:S2212-4403(21)00521-6. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.07.010. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathologic behavior. These tumors often show an extremely diverse morphology and significant histologic patterns, making diagnosis a difficult task. Owing to the considerable differences in prognosis, treatment, and follow-up, accurately distinguishing these histologic mimickers is imperative. The aim of the present systematic review was to establish the diagnostic utility of p63/p40 immunostaining in histologic differentiation of salivary gland tumors.
STUDY DESIGN: An electronic search was carried out using MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Trip, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. Articles in which both p63 and p40 immunohistochemical expressions were assessed were included for systematic review and their sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Risk of bias was analyzed for each study using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool.
RESULTS: Ten eligible articles were included in the quantitative synthesis, which revealed a concordant positivity of p63 and p40 by nearly all cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma and most polymorphous adenocarcinomas showed discordant immunohistochemical expression (p63+/p40-).
CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence supports that integrated immunostaining of p63/p40 is a valuable adjunct for discerning enigmatic salivary gland tumors with true myoepithelial and/or squamous differentiation.
PMID:34518135 | DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2021.07.010
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Histopathologic Profile of Salivary Gland Tumors among Specimens from a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Fetched: September 12th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Dilasma Ghartimagar
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2020 Oct 15;58(230):729-735. doi: 10.31729/jnma.4898.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Salivary gland tumors are rare, comprising about 3% of all head and neck neoplasms. About 80% of the tumors are in parotids, 10% in submandibular glands and the remainders are distributed in sublingual and minor salivary glands. This study was conducted to evaluate the relative frequencies, types, site of distribution and the histopathological features of salivary gland tumors.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara from January 2011 to December 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee of Manipal College of Medical Sciences (Ref: 314). Convenient sampling was done among specimen. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.
RESULTS: Among the 130 specimens, the patients' age ranged from 6 to 78 years with a mean age of 37.26 years for benign tumors and 48.45 years for malignant tumors. There was female predominance with a male to female ratio of 1:1.36. There were 98 cases of benign tumors, commonest being pleomorphic adenoma with 82 (83.67%) cases which was noticed more frequently in fourth decade of life. Among the 32 malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest tumor 20 (62.5%), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma 7 (23.33%).
CONCLUSIONS: Benign salivary gland tumors were more common than malignant tumors and the most common site of location was the parotid for both the benign and malignant tumors. Female outnumbered the male population in benign tumors whereas males were slightly more than females in malignant tumors. This study corroborated well with other previously published studies.
PMID:34504380 | PMC:PMC7654487 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.4898
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Salivary Gland Cancers
Fetched: September 12th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Vatche Tchekmedyian
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2021 Oct;35(5):973-990. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.05.011.
ABSTRACT
Salivary gland carcinomas are a rare and heterogenous group of cancers with varying underlying biology and clinical behavior. A quickly evolving body of data has advanced the understanding of these tumors, leading to effective therapeutics for several histologic subtypes. Biologically rational clinical trials have developed from an understanding of MYB and NOTCH signaling in adenoid cystic carcinoma. The recognition of androgen receptor signaling and HER2-targeted therapy has offered therapeutic options in non-ACC salivary cancers. The use of TRK inhibitors in salivary secretory carcinoma has led to exceptional responses. Immunotherapy is an exciting new therapeutic avenue that requires further exploration.
PMID:34503735 | DOI:10.1016/j.hoc.2021.05.011
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Centralised RECIST Assessment and Clinical Outcomes with Lenvatinib Monotherapy in Recurrent and Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Fetched: September 12th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Laura Feeney
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Aug 27;13(17):4336. doi: 10.3390/cancers13174336.
ABSTRACT
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer of secretory glands. Recurrent or metastatic (R/M) ACC is generally considered resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recent phase II studies have reported improved objective response rates (ORR) with the use of the multi-kinase inhibitor lenvatinib. We sought to evaluate real-world experience of R/M ACC patients treated with lenvatinib monotherapy within the UK National Health Service (NHS) to determine the response rates by Response Evaluation Criteria of Solid Tumour (RECIST) and clinical outcomes. Twenty-three R/M ACC patients from eleven cancer centres were included. All treatment assessments for clinical decision making related to drug therapy were undertaken at the local oncology centre. Central radiology review was performed by an independent clinical trial radiologist and blinded to the clinical decision making. In contrast to previously reported ORR of 12-15%, complete or partial response was not observed in any patients. Eleven patients (52.4%) had stable disease and 5 patients (23.8%) had progression of disease as the best overall response. The median time on treatment was 4 months and the median survival from discontinuation was 1 month. The median PFS and OS from treatment initiation were 4.5 months and 12 months respectively. Multicentre collaborative studies such as this are required to evaluate rare cancers with no recommended standard of care therapy and variable disease courses.
PMID:34503145 | PMC:PMC8431195 | DOI:10.3390/cancers13174336
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Oral mucous membrane grafting for unilateral lid margin keratinization following radiotherapy
Fetched: September 8th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Sushmita G Shah
Orbit. 2021 Sep 6:1-4. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2021.1974055. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
We describe the outcomes of oral mucous membrane grafting as a surgical technique for unilateral lid margin keratinization following radiotherapy. A 47-year- old woman presented with an 8-month history of a white spot in her right eye. She had a history of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right spheno-ethmoid sinus, for which she underwent radiotherapy. Slit-lamp evaluation revealed lid margin keratinization of the right upper and lower eyelids and a keratin plaque on the corneal surface. We performed excision of the keratin plaque and lid margin keratinization, followed by oral mucous membrane grafting of the upper and lower eyelid margins. Histopathological evaluation of the excised lid margin revealed keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, consistent with lid margin keratinization. The corneal surface and lid margins showed no recurrent keratin deposition at the final follow-up, 11 months postoperatively.
PMID:34488524 | DOI:10.1080/01676830.2021.1974055
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The efficacy of iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy for the treatment of locally advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue: a non-surgical approach
Fetched: September 8th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Shuang Dong
J Contemp Brachytherapy. 2021 Aug;13(4):395-401. doi: 10.5114/jcb.2021.108593. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The present study retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness and safety of iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy for treatment of primary locally advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the base of tongue (BOT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of data of 19 patients with ACC, who were treated with iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy between March 2008 and April 2018. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local control (LC), and radiation-related toxicities were determined. Factors affecting the outcomes were evaluated.
RESULTS: Six males and 13 females were included in our study, with a median follow-up time of 35 months. 3- and 5-year OS rates were 71.5% and 47.6%, respectively. 3- and 5-year LC rates were 88.5% and 34.5%, respectively. 3- and 5-year DFS rates were 54.7% and 21.9%, respectively. A significant difference was observed in patients with or without brain metastases for OS rate. No severe acute toxicity was observed, while severe late toxicity was observed in one patient.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy is an effective and safe option for the treatment of primary locally advanced ACC of the base of the tongue, with reasonably satisfactory LC and OS.
PMID:34484353 | PMC:PMC8407254 | DOI:10.5114/jcb.2021.108593
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Cutaneous adenomyoepithelioma with histopathological heterogeneity: A case report
Fetched: September 4th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Tatsushi Shiomi
Pathol Int. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.1111/pin.13157. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Some skin adnexal tumors display both epithelial and myoepithelial cell populations and can be broadly categorized as biphasic tumors. These include apocrine hidrocystoma, mixed tumor, adenomyoepithelioma (AME), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Myoepithelioma is the myoepithelial cell-predominant type in this category. Cutaneous AME is exceedingly rare and usually has a benign prognosis, but it is considered to have the potential for local recurrence and metastasis. We report the case of a 57-year-old man with a 1-year history of an ulcerated nodule on his scalp. Microscopically, it was a defined cutaneous nodule with a focal lobulated architecture, composed of epithelial cells forming ducts and myoepithelial cells distributed around the ducts. In addition to these findings of typical AME, the present case focally revealed atypical features, such as increased mitotic activity (7/10 high power fields), invasive growth, and necrosis. However, cytological atypia was not significant. We conclusively diagnosed cutaneous AME with atypical features, suggesting malignant potential. Moreover, areas showing appearances similar to apocrine hidrocystoma, mixed tumor, myoepithelioma, and ACC were focally observed. We present a unique case of cutaneous AME exhibiting histopathological heterogeneity. The recognition of morphological variation could be helpful in appropriately diagnosing and treating AME of the skin.
PMID:34473865 | DOI:10.1111/pin.13157
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Triple-negative breast carcinomas of low malignant potential: review on diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses
Fetched: August 31st, 2021, 5:00am GMT by L Cima
Virchows Arch. 2021 Aug 30. doi: 10.1007/s00428-021-03174-7. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Triple-negative breast carcinomas constitute a wide spectrum of lesions, mostly being highly aggressive. Nevertheless, some special histologic subtypes can have low malignant potential. The purpose of the present paper is to review diagnostic criteria and prognostic parameters of breast neoplasms of special histotypes. Specifically, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenomyoepithelioma, acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, tall cell carcinoma with reverse polarity, and secretory carcinoma will be discussed. For each tumour, definition and morphological and molecular features, together with prognostic parameters, will be presented. Paradigmatic cases will be illustrated.
PMID:34458945 | DOI:10.1007/s00428-021-03174-7
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A Rare Case of Primary Pulmonary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and the Diagnostic Challenges on Cytology
Fetched: August 29th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Karah White
S D Med. 2021 Jul;74(7):329-331.
ABSTRACT
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignancy that typically arises in the salivary gland, yet can occur in other anatomic sites, including the lung. Primary pulmonary ACC is rare and comprises approximately 0.04-0.2 percent of all lung cancers. These tumors have the potential to recur and metastasize and are refractory to chemotherapy and radiation. Though histopathologic features are identical to ACC seen in the salivary glands on tissue biopsy, diagnosis on cytology specimens is challenging, as cytopathologic features of this entity have not been collectively described due to its low incidence and limited reports of the disease. We report a case of primary pulmonary ACC in a 43-year-old female that was missed on cytology, but was recognized on subsequent transbronchial biopsy. The biopsy revealed a neoplasm with cribriform architecture composed of round myoepithelial cells with inconspicuous nucleoli (see Figures 3 and 4). When correlating with the cytology specimen, the rare clusters of monomorphic, round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, small nucleoli, and increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (see Figures 1 and 2) were supportive of ACC, based on findings described from other reported cases. A small amount of homogenous, eosinophilic hyaline material was also associated with the neoplastic cells (see arrows in Figure 1). This case emphasizes the need to continue documenting cases of primary pulmonary ACC to expand the medical literature and increase awareness of this rare neoplasm in order to allow for accurate identification in cytologic specimens, especially when tissue biopsy is not obtained.
PMID:34449997
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Delayed diagnosis of palatal adenoid cystic carcinoma: Review of diagnostic workup and image features of perineural spread
Fetched: August 27th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Peggy P Lee
Oral Oncol. 2021 Aug 23;121:105501. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105501. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the malignancy most likely to spread perineurally. Delayed diagnosis often leads to undetected perineural spread (PNS). Better understanding of diagnostic processes, clinical and imaging features in ACC may allow earlier diagnoses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective records search of the University of Washington Radiology archive identified patients with palatal ACC diagnosis and pre-treatment MDCT and/or MRI. Demographic data, clinical findings, diagnostic workup history and image features including the presence of PNS were recorded.
RESULTS: 44 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Symptoms included pain, mass, numbness, and sinonasal congestion. The most common finding on clinical examination was visible or palpable palatal mass. 55% of patients were evaluated by a dentist pre-diagnosis. Most common initial impressions were infection and/or dental disease. PNS was identified in 81.8% of patients, most commonly at pterygopalatine fossa, palatine foramina/canals, Vidian canal, or foramen rotundum. PNS was statistically significantly associated with paresthesia (p = 0.003) but not with tumor size, age, gender, or tobacco history. 44% of patients were diagnosed ≥1 year from initial symptoms, with a mean delay of 18.3 (range < 1-72) months.
CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first analysis of the nature of the diagnostic process of palatal ACC. Majorities of patients were evaluated by a general dentist pre-diagnosis. PNS was identified in a majority of patients and all the patients who presented with paresthesia had evidence of PNS. Despite patients presenting with paresthesia, palatal ACC is often initially misdiagnosed resulting in delayed diagnosis.
PMID:34438281 | DOI:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105501
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High-grade salivary gland cancer: is surgery followed by radiotherapy an adequate treatment to reach tumor control? Results from a tertiary referral centre focussing on incidence and management of distant metastases
Fetched: August 27th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Viola Freitag
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Aug 26. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07024-9. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Salivary Gland cancer (SGC) is a rare and heterogenous group of tumors. Standard therapeutic options achieve high local but poor distant control rates, especially in high-grade SGC. The aim of this monocentric study was to evaluate patterns of recurrence and its treatment options (local ablative vs. systemic) in a homogenously treated patient population with high-grade SGC after surgery and radio(chemo)therapy.
METHODS: Monocentric, retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed high-grade salivary gland cancer. We retrospectively reviewed clinical reports from 69 patients with high-grade salivary gland cancer in a single-center audit. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic variables were analyzed (univariate analysis: log-rank test; multivariate analysis: Cox regression analysis).
RESULTS: The median time of follow-up was 31 months. After 5 years, the cumulative overall survival was 65.2%, cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 7.2%, whereas the cumulative incidence of distant metastases was 43.5% after 5 years. 30 of 69 patients developed distant metastases during the time of follow-up, especially patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, adenocarcinoma NOS and acinic cell carcinoma with high-grade transformation. The most common type of therapy therefore was chemotherapy (50%). 85.7% of patients with local ablative therapy of distant metastases show disease progression during follow-up afterwards.
CONCLUSION: With surgery and radio-chemotherapy, a high rate of loco-regional control is reached, but over 40% of patients develop distant metastases in the further follow-up which usually present a diffuse pattern involving in a diffuse metastases. Therefore, in the future, intensified interdisciplinary combination therapies even in the first-line treatment in certain subtypes of high-grade SGC should be investigated.
PMID:34436631 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07024-9
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Risk-score model to predict prognosis of malignant airway obstruction after interventional bronchoscopy
Fetched: August 27th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Minlin Jiang
Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021 Jul;10(7):3173-3190. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-21-301.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Interventional bronchoscopy exhibits substantial effects for patients with malignant airway obstruction (MAO), while little information is available regarding the potential prognostic factors for these patients.
METHODS: Between October 31, 2016, and July 31, 2019, a total of 150 patients undergoing interventional bronchoscopy and histologically-confirmed MAO were collected, in which 112 eligible participants formed the cohort for survival study. External validation cohort from another independent institution comprised 33 MAO patients with therapeutic bronchoscopy. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) was applied to the model development dataset for selecting features correlated with MAO survival for inclusion in the Cox regression from which we elaborated the risk score system. A nomogram algorithm was also utilized.
RESULTS: In our study, we observed a significant decline of stenosis rate after interventional bronchoscopy from 71.7%±2.1% to 36.6%±2.7% (P<0.001) and interventional bronchoscopy dilated airway effectively. Patients in our study undergoing interventional bronchoscopy had a median survival time of 614.000 days (95% CI: 269.876-958.124). Patients receiving distinct therapeutic methods of interventional bronchoscopy had different prognosis (P=0.022), and patients receiving treatment of electrocoagulation in combination with stenting and electrosurgical snare had worse survival than those receiving other options. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that nonsmoking status, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and low preoperative stenosis length, as independent predictive factors for better overall survival (OS) of MAO patients. Then, the nomogram based on Cox regression and risk score system based on results from LASSO regression were elaborated respectively. Importantly, this risk score system was proved to have better performance than the nomogram and other single biomarkers such as traditional staging system (area under the curve 0.855 vs. 0.392-0.739). Survival curves showed that patients with the higher risk-score had poorer prognosis than those with lower risk-score (third quantile of OS: 126.000 days, 95% CI: 73.588-178.412 vs. 532.000 days, 95% CI: 0.000-1,110.372; P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Nonsmoking status, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and low preoperative stenosis length, were independent predictive factors for better OS of MAO patients. We proposed a nomogram and risk score system for survival prediction of MAO patients undergoing interventional bronchoscopy with good performance.
PMID:34430356 | PMC:PMC8350098 | DOI:10.21037/tlcr-21-301
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ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA MISINTERPRETED AS ANTROCHOANAL POLYP: A RARE PRESENTATION
Fetched: August 25th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by R K Brar
Ann Ib Postgrad Med. 2020 Dec;18(2):160-162.
ABSTRACT
Adenoid cystic Carcnoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant tumour accounting for <1% of all oral and maxillofacial tumors. However, in the sinonasal tract, ACC is the most common salivary gland tumor. The sinonasal ACC is asymptomatic initially or causes non-specific symptoms that are similar to those caused by inflammatory sinus disease and local neurological symptoms such as trigeminal neuralgia in advance stage due to perineural invasion by the tumour.We present a case of 35-year-old female who presented with complaints of nasal obstruction and headache. CT scans revealed an antrochoanal polyp without any bony involvement. The histopathological examination revealed unremarkable respiratory epithelium with underlying sheets and acini of small hyperchromatic cells with hyaline-like material in the lumina, confirming adenoid cystic carcinoma. The highlight of this case is that sinonasal polyps are not always inflammatory in origin, these can be neoplastic also.
PMID:34421458 | PMC:PMC8369394
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Immunohistochemical Reactivity of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Salivary Gland Tumors
Fetched: August 23rd, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Haruto Nishida
Head Neck Pathol. 2021 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s12105-021-01376-8. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in the prostate gland and prostate cancer. PSMA has been recently used in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and targeted alpha-radiation therapy (TAT) for prostate cancer. Recently, the tubarial gland, a type of minor salivary gland that is described as a new organ situated in the pharynx, is reported to express PMSA. Here, we studied the expression of PSMA in common benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. We performed immunohistochemistry for PSMA in 55 salivary gland tumors comprising 10 pleomorphic adenomas, 10 Warthin tumors, 9 basal cell adenomas, 9 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 9 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 8 salivary duct carcinomas. PSMA was expressed in 97% of benign tumors and 77% of malignant tumors. Moreover, PSMA was expressed in 59% of normal salivary glands adjacent to the tumor. PSMA is relatively expressed in salivary gland tumors and salivary glands. Therefore, salivary gland neoplasm, and normal salivary gland, possibly demonstrate the accumulation of PSMA in PET/CT. Thus, we need to monitor the side effects in the salivary glands during TAT for prostate cancer.
PMID:34420181 | DOI:10.1007/s12105-021-01376-8
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Hsp27 and Hsp60 in human submandibular salivary gland: Quantitative patterns in healthy and cancerous tissues with potential implications for differential diagnosis and carcinogenesis
Fetched: August 23rd, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Charbel A Basset
Acta Histochem. 2021 Sep;123(6):151771. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151771. Epub 2021 Aug 19.
ABSTRACT
Tumors of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) are uncommon but sufficiently frequent for the physician to consider them in routine examinations and for the pathologist to be prepared to differentiate them from other tissue abnormalities. However, scarcity of specimens makes training difficult, a situation compounded by the lack of accepted universal diagnostic guidelines. Furthermore, there is little information on the chaperone system (CS) of the gland, despite the increasing evidence of its participation in carcinogenesis as a biomarker for diagnosis and patient follow up, and in the mechanisms by which the tumor cells thrive. We are investigating this aspect of various tumors, and here we describe standardized methods for assessing the tissue levels of two chaperones, Hsp27 and Hsp60, in normal SMG and its tumors. We present illustrative results obtained with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence-confocal microscopy (IF-CM), which we propose as a platform onto which a data base could be built by adding new information and which would provide material for developing guidelines for tumor identification and monitoring. The initial findings are encouraging in as much as the tumors surveyed showed quantitative patterns of Hsp27 and Hsp60 that distinguished tumoral from normal tissue and certain tumors from the others, and the results from IHC were confirmed by IF-CM.
PMID:34419757 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151771
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Sublingual gland neoplasms: clinicopathological study of 8 cases
Fetched: August 22nd, 2021, 5:00am GMT by M Gontarz
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2021 Sep 1;26(5):e626-e631. doi: 10.4317/medoral.24634.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sublingual gland neoplasms are very rare and the majority of them are malignant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of these uncommon neoplasms based on the authors' experience and the recent literature.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical charts of 8 patients with primary epithelial sublingual gland tumors treated between 1994 and 2020 were reviewed.
RESULTS: Malignant tumors comprised 75% (6/8) of cases. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common (50%, 3/6) and characterized by high risk of local recurrence and lung metastasis. Pleomorphic adenoma was the only representative of benign tumors with no evidence of local recurrence in follow up.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of choice of sublingual gland tumors is surgery. However, due to the fact that adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most common malignancy with poor prognosis, surgical treatment should be combined with postoperative radiotherapy. Benign sublingual tumors are less common and treatment of choice in these cases is tumor resection together with sublingual gland.
PMID:34415003 | PMC:PMC8412453 | DOI:10.4317/medoral.24634
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Detection of novel fusion genes by next-generation sequencing-based targeted RNA sequencing analysis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of head and neck
Fetched: August 22nd, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Eri Shibata
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021 Mar 31:S2212-4403(21)00170-X. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.020. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare, indolent salivary gland tumor that is reported to be driven by fusion genes. However, MYB/MYBL1-NFIB fusions have been detected in <60% of all AdCC cases and the oncogenic driver mutations in approximately 40% of AdCC remain unknown. Our aim was to identify novel gene fusions in AdCC.
STUDY DESIGN: We investigated 20 AdCC cases using a targeted RNA sequencing panel to identify gene fusions and performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess MYB, MYBL1, and NFIB expression levels.
RESULTS: A total of 36 fusion transcripts in 15 cases were detected and validated by Sanger sequencing. The MYB-NFIB and MYBL1-NFIB fusion genes were detected in 9 and 3 cases, respectively, in a mutually exclusive manner. Furthermore, novel gene fusions, namely, NFIB-EPB41L2, MAP7-NFIB, NFIB-MCMDC2, MYBL1-C8orf34, C8orf34-NFIB, and NFIB-CASC20, were identified. Among them, NFIB-EPB41L2 and NFIB-MCMDC2 are thought to activate MYB and MYBL1 expression, respectively, through the insertion of a genomic segment in proximity to MYB and MYBL1 genes, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Six novel gene fusions other than MYB/MYBL1-NFIB were identified. The detection of novel fusion genes and investigation of the molecular mechanism will contribute to the development of novel molecular targeted therapies for this disease.
PMID:34413003 | DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.020
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Treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: Is postoperative radiation getting its due credit?
Fetched: August 20th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Andrew Gomez-Seoane
Breast. 2021 Oct;59:358-366. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.08.001. Epub 2021 Aug 3.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The role of postoperative radiation (PR) in treating mammary ACC is poorly defined. This study evaluated the impact of PR on survival outcomes for mammary ACC and the extent of utilization.
METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery for mammary ACC from 2005 to 2015 in SEER database were analyzed. KM analyses of OS and DSS were done for PR versus no PR. Cox hazard regression models were used to determine predictors of OS and DSS.
RESULTS: Of the 488 patients, 244 underwent PR. The PR group was younger, but other variables were similar between the 2 groups. OS was better for PR (p = 0.029). 10-year DSS was better for PR group by an absolute value of 6 % but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.537). Age, radiation, nodal metastasis, and grade III/IV were independent predictors of OS while grade III/IV and AJCC stage III/IV independently predicted DSS.
CONCLUSION: PR improves OS for mammary ACC, but this study did not show increased utilization. Radiation should be considered after surgery for mammary ACC, particularly for patients with independent predictors of OS.
PMID:34411836 | PMC:PMC8377486 | DOI:10.1016/j.breast.2021.08.001
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma of external auditory canal: A rare disease
Fetched: August 20th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Abdul Basit Vardag
J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Jul;71(7):1893-1896. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.572.
ABSTRACT
External auditory canal, like other epithelialized surfaces is predisposed to malignancies such as Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), melanomas and adenocarcinomas. In this background, malignancies like adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are a rare occurrence and need to be thoroughly evaluated both locally and for distant extension. The malignancy needs to be addressed with an aggressive approach surgically with adequate marginal clearance. The role of radiation is debatable considering the outcomes in the limited data. Here we present the case of a 35-year-old female who came in with otalgia and otorrhea associated with a mass in the external auditory canal. After biopsy and imaging, a diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma was made and the patient was managed accordingly.
PMID:34410269 | DOI:10.47391/JPMA.572
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Left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction for low-grade bronchial malignancies
Fetched: August 18th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Liang Chen
JTCVS Tech. 2021 May 19;8:196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2021.05.013. eCollection 2021 Aug.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: A rare and complex procedure, total lung sparing left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction is only performed in a few specialized centers in a restricted group of patients. We reviewed our experience to evaluate its safety.
METHODS: Patients who underwent left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction with complete lung parenchymal preservation for low-grade bronchial malignancies at the Shanghai Chest Hospital and the Padua University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic factors and perioperative outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Thirty patients underwent the procedure between July 2012 and July 2019 (mean age, 42.9 years). No operative mortality occurred and postoperative complications developed in 4 patients (13.3%), including pneumonia (n = 3 [10.0%]), subcutaneous emphysema (n = 2 [6.7%]), and prolonged air leak (n = 2 [6.7%]). Pathologies included adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 11), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 6), carcinoid tumors (n = 9 [8 typical and 1 atypical subtypes]), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (n = 3), and myoepithelioma (n = 1). The margins were positive in 8 patients (26.7%), whereas 2 patients (6.7%) had positive lymph nodes. Adjuvant therapies were performed postoperatively, including chemoradiotherapy for positive lymph nodes and radiotherapy for positive margins.
CONCLUSIONS: Total lung sparing left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction can be performed safely in well-selected and oncologically appropriate patients with low-grade bronchial malignancies.
PMID:34401852 | PMC:PMC8350885 | DOI:10.1016/j.xjtc.2021.05.013
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Endobronchial Leiomyoma: A case report with cryoprobe extraction and review of literature
Fetched: August 18th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Hasnain Bawaadam
Respir Med Case Rep. 2021 Jul 6;33:101467. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101467. eCollection 2021.
ABSTRACT
Large airway tumors are uncommon, accounting for about 0.6% of all pulmonary tumors [[1], [2], [3]]. The majority of these tumors (80-90%) are malignant, represented primarily by squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma [2,4]. Benign central airway tumors are less common and are generally comprised of hamartomas and papillomas. Tracheobronchial leiomyomas are exceedingly rare, representing only about 0.6% of all benign lung neoplasms [3]. We report here on a case of primary endobronchial leiomyoma without uterine involvement treated successfully with cryoresection with excellent outcome.
PMID:34401303 | PMC:PMC8349092 | DOI:10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101467
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18F-FDG PET/CT of Primary Tracheal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Fetched: August 11th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Junhao Wu
Clin Nucl Med. 2021 Sep 1;46(9):766-767. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000003747.
ABSTRACT
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma in the trachea is a very rare tumor. A 40-year-old woman presented with persisting cough and wheezing over 2 months. A CT scan showed a mass in the tracheal wall. The bronchoscopic biopsy confirmed adenoid cystic carcinoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to evaluate the tracheal mass, which showed an FDG-avid mass in the right posterior tracheal wall.
PMID:34374681 | DOI:10.1097/RLU.0000000000003747
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Radiotherapy for Primary Tracheal Carcinoma: Experience at a Single Institution
Fetched: August 11th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Ruifang Zeng
Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2021 Jan-Dec;20:15330338211034273. doi: 10.1177/15330338211034273.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is limited understanding of tracheal carcinoma (TC) because of its rarity. We examined the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) for patients with primary TC.
METHODS: We analyzed the records of 32 patients with primary TC who received RT at our center between November 1996 and December 2016.
RESULTS: Thirteen patients received adjuvant RT and 18 received definitive RT. Eight patients achieved complete remission (CR) after definitive RT. Among all patients, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 46.9% and the locoregional progression free survival (LRPFS) rate was 68.1%. Univariate analysis indicated the 5-year OS was better in those with adenoid cystic adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.001); the 5-year LRPFS was better in patients who received surgical resection than those who did not (92.9% vs 46.4%, P = 0.013) and in patients who received postoperative RT than in those who received definitive RT (91.7% vs 50.1%, P = 0.038). A sub-group univariate analysis indicated the 5-year PFS was better for those who received at least 68 Gy of radiation (44.4% vs 13.0%, P = 0.044). Patients who achieved CR had a better 5-year PFS than those who did not (57.1% vs 10%, P = 0.006). No patients had a toxicity of grade 3 or more.
CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant and definitive RT are safe and effective treatments for TC. Patients who received dosages of 68 Gy or more and who had complete tumor regression following definitive RT seemed to have better long-term survival.
PMID:34372715 | PMC:PMC8361538 | DOI:10.1177/15330338211034273
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Mutational landscape of primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors through targeted next-generation sequencing
Fetched: August 8th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Fang Wang
Lung Cancer. 2021 Jul 28;160:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.07.011. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors (PSGTs) mainly comprise of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), which are rare and molecularly poorly understood. This study aimed to profile the molecular alterations of PSGTs via targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to screen PSGTs in 32 patients and MAML2 and MYB rearrangements were detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization. 1021-Genepanel of targeted NGS was conducted to profile genomic mutations in all the PSGT patients.
RESULTS: Among the 32 patients, 25 had MEC and 7 had ACC. MAML2 and MYB rearrangements were detected in 80.0% (20/25) of the MEC and 71.4% (5/7) of the ACC patients. Among the MEC patients, 10 (40.0%) had ≥1 mutation, and 6 of them had 11 isolated mutations with abundance >5%, namely NFE2L2, MYOD1, INPP4B, CCND2, SNTG1, HSPD1, TGFBR1, RBM10, NOTCH4, ASXL1, and PTPRD mutations. The remaining 4 patients had 9 mutations with abundance <5%, namely KMT2A, PDCD11, FLT1, BRCA2, APC, SLX4, FOXP1, FGFR1, and HRAS mutations. All the ACC patients had mutations, which were enriched in 5 pathways including the PI3K and NOTCH pathways, chromatin and cytoskeleton remodeling, and DNA damage. These results explain PSGTs harbor distinct driver features of MAML2 or MYB rearrangement, accompanied with wide mutational diversity with very low rate of somatic mutation. Several important pathways, including the NOTCH and PI3K pathways, and chromatin remodeling could be targeted to improve the survival in patients with ACC.
PMID:34364112 | DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.07.011
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Bronchial ethanol injection therapy for airway obstruction in lung cancer patients
Fetched: August 7th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Fukuko Okabe
Respirol Case Rep. 2021 Jul 29;9(9):e0816. doi: 10.1002/rcr2.816. eCollection 2021 Sep.
ABSTRACT
Obstructive endobronchial tumours often cause decreased quality of life. Bronchial ethanol injection (BEI) therapy is considered an effective modality for airway dilatation or haemoptysis without specialist equipment. Here, we report experiences of two cases in which BEI therapy was effective for obstructive endobronchial tumours. In Case 1 with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung, BEI therapy and balloon dilatation were performed as treatment for the left main bronchus restenosis after metallic stent insertion. In Case 2 with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, BEI therapy was performed after radiation therapy to the lesion that recurred in the entrance of the superior segment of the right lower lobe. Tumour progression was controlled with multiple BEI therapy. We consider BEI therapy useful because this procedure is easy to conduct, has low cost and can be done under particular conditions including post-tracheobronchial stent placement and post-radiation.
PMID:34354837 | PMC:PMC8319722 | DOI:10.1002/rcr2.816
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Cylindroma tumor of external auditory: one case report
Fetched: August 6th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by C H Zhang
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Jul 7;56(7):762-763. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20201011-00798.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:34344106 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20201011-00798
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PKD1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via E-cadherin/ Snail regulation
Fetched: August 6th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Yue Du
Oral Dis. 2021 Aug 5. doi: 10.1111/odi.13991. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a malignant tumor, which is characterized by a higher incidence of distant metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes the metastasis in SACC. We analyzed the expression of PKD1 in 40 SACC patients and different metastatic potential cell lines. Then, we investigated whether the migration and growth of SACC were regulated by PKD1 using shRNA interference or inhibition of kinase active in vitro cell. Moreover, the mechanism by which PKD1 regulates the stability of Snail protein was determined. Finally, nude mice were used to testify the function of PKD1 via tail vein injection. PKD1 was correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of SACC patients. PKD1 inhibition attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of SACC cells. Conversely, kinase active PKD1 could induce EMT and promoted cell migration in human HSG cell. Furthermore, downregulation of PKD1 regulated Snail via phosphorylation at Ser-11 on Snail protein and promotion of proteasome-mediated degradation, and reduced lung metastasis in vivo. Our results suggest that PKD1 induces the EMT and promotes the metastasis, which illustrate that PKD1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and serve as a potential therapeutic target for SACC patients.
PMID:34351044 | DOI:10.1111/odi.13991
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Quantitative ubiquitylomics reveals the ubiquitination regulation landscape in oral adenoid cystic carcinoma
Fetched: August 6th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Wen Li
Biosci Rep. 2021 Aug 27;41(8):BSR20211532. doi: 10.1042/BSR20211532.
ABSTRACT
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare salivary gland tumor with a poor prognosis and needs attention on molecular mechanisms. Protein ubiquitination is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM) for substrates degradation and controls diverse cellular functions. The broad cellular function of ubiquitination network holds great promise to detect potential targets and identify respective receptors. Novel technologies are discovered for in-depth research and characterization of the precise and dynamic regulation of ubiquitylomics in multiple cellular processes during cancer initiation, progression and treatment. In the present study, 4D label-free quantitative techniques of ubiquitination proteomics were used and we identified a total of 4152 ubiquitination sites in 1993 proteins. We also performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis for differential modified proteins and peptides containing quantitative information through the comparation between oral ACC (OACC) tumor with adjacent normal tissues, as well as the identification of eight protein clusters with motif analysis. Our findings offered an important reference of potential biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for ACC.
PMID:34350460 | PMC:PMC8385350 | DOI:10.1042/BSR20211532
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Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with prominent cystic changes: a case report
Fetched: August 6th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Feng Chen
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Aug 4;21(1):284. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01432-z.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) of the breast is a rare subtype of breast tumor. Most of AMEs reported are solid, however, cystic or prominent cystic changes are extremely rare.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old woman presented a lump in the upper outer quadrant of right breast, and it was accompanied by continuous breast pain and bilateral axillary itching for more than 2 months. There were no other symptoms found. Preoperative mammography and ultrasound examination were performed. Mammography showed a noncalcified lobulated mass, and it was considered to be a benign cyst with septum on ultrasound, but ductal carcinoma of breast, adenoid cystic carcinoma could not be excluded. At first, AME was not considered preoperatively, because the imaging features of this rare tumor may vary widely, which may result in an incorrect diagnosis. But eventually, AME was diagnosed by postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry.
CONCLUSION: We herein present a rare case of breast AME with prominent cystic changes. AME has no-specific imaging features, but the benign or malignant nature of the lesion might be suspected on imaging.
PMID:34348700 | PMC:PMC8336073 | DOI:10.1186/s12905-021-01432-z
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Classic Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytopathology of Eight Cases
Fetched: August 5th, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Paul E Wakely
Cytopathology. 2021 Aug 4. doi: 10.1111/cyt.13046. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The cytopathology and diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland (SG) polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the subject of a limited number of reports. We undertook a review of our experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and PAC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was made of our cytopathology files for PAC cases that also had histopathological confirmation. FNA biopsy smears and cell-blocks were performed and examined using standard techniques.
RESULTS: Eight FNA biopsy cases of histologically proven PAC from 7 patients [F:M = 1.3:1, age 39-75 years, mean = 58] met study inclusion. Metastatic aspirates were most common (4), followed by 3 primary cases and 1 locally recurrent neoplasm. Primary FNA sites included hard palate (1 case), lip (1), and lateral tongue (1); all metastatic sites were in the neck. A precise cytologic diagnosis was made in 38% of cases; however, when applying the Milan classification system, 100% could be categorised as either malignant or of uncertain malignant potential. Ancillary immunohistochemical testing performed in 44% of the cases was non-specific. Cytologic smears showed cellular uniformity and structural variety of cell groups with tubular, branching, cribriform, and convex patterns as well as variable, but occasionally abundant globular myxoid stroma leading to confusion with adenoid cystic carcinoma.
CONCLUSION: The imitative cytopathology of PAC with other SG neoplasms as well as its infrequency in routine FNA biopsy practice makes specific interpretation difficult, but using a classification system allows for appropriate patient management. Molecular testing in future specimens holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
PMID:34346533 | DOI:10.1111/cyt.13046
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis to Investigate the Pathogenesis of Oral Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Fetched: August 3rd, 2021, 5:00am GMT by Wen Li
ACS Omega. 2021 Jul 16;6(29):18623-18634. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01270. eCollection 2021 Jul 27.
ABSTRACT
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) belongs to salivary gland malignancies commonly occurring in an oral cavity with a poor long-term prognosis. The potential biomarkers and cellular functions acting on local recurrences and distant metastases remain to be illustrated. Proteomics is the core content of precision medicine research, which provides accurate information for early detection of cancer, benign and malignant diagnosis, classification and personalized medication, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis judgment. To obtain a comprehensive regulation network and supply clues for the treatment of oral ACC (OACC), we utilized mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to analyze the protein expression profile in paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues. We identified a total of 40,547 specific peptides and 4454 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), in which HAPLN1 was the most upregulated protein and BPIFB1 was the most downregulated. Then, we annotated the functions and characteristics of DEPs in detail from the aspects of gene ontology, subcellular structural localization, KEGG, and protein domain to thoroughly understand the identified and quantified proteins. Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and glycosaminoglycan degradation pathways showed the biggest difference according to KEGG analysis. Moreover, we confirmed 20 proteins from the ECM-receptor signaling pathway by a parallel reaction monitoring quantitative detection and 19 proteins were quantified. This study provides useful insights to analyze DEPs in OACC and guide in-depth thinking of the pathogenesis from a proteomics view for anticancer mechanisms and potential biomarkers.
PMID:34337202 | PMC:PMC8319923 | DOI:10.1021/acsomega.1c01270