Rare Cancer News & Clinical Trials

Hepatoblastoma (46 unread)

Trial - Hepatoblastoma

$Permalink for 'MLN8237 in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Solid Tumors or Leukemia'$
MLN8237 in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Solid Tumors or Leukemia

Posted: June 30th, 2010, 9:00am CDT

Conditions: Childhood Germ Cell Tumor; Kidney Cancer; Leukemia; Liver Cancer; Neuroblastoma; Sarcoma
Interventions: Drug: Aurora A kinase inhibitor MLN8237; Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Other: pharmacological study
Sponsors: Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Not yet recruiting - verified June 2010
Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Liver Cancer

Posted: September 18th, 2009, 9:00am CDT

Condition: Liver Cancer
Interventions: Drug: cisplatin; Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: fluorouracil; Drug: irinotecan hydrochloride; Drug: vincristine sulfate; Procedure: liver transplantation; Procedure: therapeutic conventional surgery
Sponsors: Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruiting - verified August 2010
Collecting and Storing Tissue From Young Patients With Cancer

Posted: May 9th, 2009, 9:00am CDT

Condition: Cancer
Interventions: Genetic: DNA analysis; Genetic: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; Other: biologic sample preservation procedure; Other: flow cytometry; Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Sponsors: Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruiting - verified August 2010
$Permalink for 'Cixutumumab in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors'$
Cixutumumab in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors

Posted: January 28th, 2009, 9:00am CST

Conditions: Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Kidney Cancer; Liver Cancer; Neuroblastoma; Retinoblastoma; Sarcoma
Interventions: Biological: cixutumumab; Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Sponsors: Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruiting - verified August 2010
Sodium Thiosulfate in Preventing Hearing Loss in Young Patients Receiving Cisplatin for Newly Diagnosed Germ Cell Tumor, Hepatoblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Neuroblastoma, Osteosarcoma, or Other Malignancy

Posted: July 15th, 2008, 9:00am CDT

Conditions: Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors; Childhood Germ Cell Tumor; Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor; Liver Cancer; Neuroblastoma; Ototoxicity; Ovarian Cancer; Sarcoma
Interventions: Drug: sodium thiosulfate; Procedure: examination
Sponsors: Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruiting - verified August 2010
Total Marrow Irradiation Added to an Alkylator-Intense Conditioning Regimen for Patients With High Risk or Relapsed Solid Tumors

Posted: February 22nd, 2008, 9:00am CST

Conditions: Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors; Kidney Cancer; Liver Cancer; Retinoblastoma; Sarcoma
Interventions: Biological: filgrastim; Drug: busulfan; Drug: etoposide; Drug: ifosfamide; Drug: melphalan; Drug: thiotepa; Procedure: stem cell transplantation; Procedure: positron emission tomography; Radiation: tomotherapy; Radiation: total marrow irradiation; Drug: Mesna; Radiation: Whole lung radiation
Sponsor: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
Recruiting - verified June 2010
Oxaliplatin in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent Solid Tumors That Have Not Responded to Previous Treatment

Posted: September 7th, 2004, 9:00am CDT

Conditions: Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors; Childhood Germ Cell Tumor; Colorectal Cancer; Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor; Head and Neck Cancer; Kidney Cancer; Liver Cancer; Neuroblastoma; Ovarian Cancer; Sarcoma
Intervention: Drug: oxaliplatin
Sponsors: Children's Oncology Group; National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Completed - verified September 2006
Amifostine to Protect From Side Effects of PSCT in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors

Posted: November 1st, 1999, 9:00am CST

Conditions: Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors; Childhood Germ Cell Tumor; Chordoma; Kidney Cancer; Liver Cancer; Neuroblastoma; Ovarian Cancer; Retinoblastoma; Sarcoma
Interventions: Drug: amifostine trihydrate; Drug: busulfan; Drug: filgrastim; Drug: melphalan; Drug: thiotepa; Procedure: peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSC)
Sponsor: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
Terminated - verified August 2010

A Great Summer for Katy
The East Hampton Star
Katy was diagnosed with hepatoblastoma, a rare form of liver cancer that typically affects infants, in April 2009. “The numbers are something like one out ...

Former TV show host does not consider her deed a vain effort although the ... - AsiaOne

Posted: August 14th, 2010, 7:28pm CDT

Former TV show host does not consider her deed a vain effort although the ...
AsiaOne
Lee, who was diagnosed with hepatoblastoma, was in need of a liver transplant," said Chew. Chew's father, a Chinese physician, supported her decision to ...

Liver Cancer Kills Legendary Drummer Richie Hayward - Associated Content

Posted: August 13th, 2010, 10:23am CDT

Liver Cancer Kills Legendary Drummer Richie Hayward
Associated Content
Hepatoblastoma is the rarest form of cancer in the liver that usually occurs in children. Find some information about hepatoblastoma in this article. ...

and more »

Frank Eliason formerly of @ComcastCares talks customer service and moving on - Technically Philly (blog)

Posted: August 13th, 2010, 8:32am CDT

Technically Philly (blog)

Frank Eliason formerly of @ComcastCares talks customer service and moving on
Technically Philly (blog)
At the age of three, she was diagnosed with hepatoblastoma, childhood cancer of the liver. We again turned to the website to educate and provide updates to ...

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ... - Melodika.net (press release)

Posted: August 12th, 2010, 4:21am CDT

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ...
Melodika.net (press release)
Katy Stewart learned last year that she had Hepatoblastoma, a rare and potentially lethal form of liver cancer, and bravely continues to receive treatment. ...

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ... - Genetic Engineering News (press release)

Posted: August 11th, 2010, 1:35pm CDT

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ...
Genetic Engineering News (press release)
Katy Stewart learned last year that she had Hepatoblastoma, a rare and potentially lethal form of liver cancer, and bravely continues to receive treatment. ...

and more »

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ... - PharmaLive (press release) (subscription)

Posted: August 11th, 2010, 6:19am CDT

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ...
PharmaLive (press release) (subscription)
Katy Stewart learned last year that she had Hepatoblastoma, a rare and potentially lethal form of liver cancer, and bravely continues to receive treatment. ...

and more »

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ... - Benzinga

Posted: August 11th, 2010, 5:46am CDT

There Are 1000 Ways to Have Fun at “Roar for a Cure” Carnival and Benefit ...
Benzinga
Katy Stewart learned last year that she had Hepatoblastoma, a rare and potentially lethal form of liver cancer, and bravely continues to receive treatment. ...

and more »

Soccer for Strahm: Alumni Scrimmage to benefit WF boy recovering from cancer - West Fargo Pioneer

Posted: August 4th, 2010, 10:48pm CDT

Soccer for Strahm: Alumni Scrimmage to benefit WF boy recovering from cancer
West Fargo Pioneer
The upcoming Sixth Annual Alumni Soccer Scrimmage will benefit Strahm, who is recovering from Stage 4 Hepatoblastoma, or liver cancer that metastasized to ...

Jenna Waters teaming up with children's hospital fundraiser - Iowa City Press Citizen

Posted: July 28th, 2010, 6:06am CDT

Jenna Waters teaming up with children's hospital fundraiser
Iowa City Press Citizen
Jenna, of Ainsworth, was diagnosed with stage 4 Embraynol Hepatoblastoma, a rare liver cancer, in January 2009. She spent many weeks at the UI Children's ...

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Library night at Intimidators game, American Idol and more! - Charlotte Observer

Posted: July 20th, 2010, 9:38pm CDT

Charlotte Observer

Library night at Intimidators game, American Idol and more!
Charlotte Observer
Jackson was diagnosed in January with stage IV Hepatoblastoma, a rare form of liver cancer; he is on the waiting list for a liver transplant. ...

Benefit for Berkley girl with cancer helps locals bike 'Miles for Mary' - Taunton Daily Gazette

Posted: July 18th, 2010, 9:55pm CDT

Taunton Daily Gazette

Benefit for Berkley girl with cancer helps locals bike 'Miles for Mary'
Taunton Daily Gazette
It's local connection was Mary Eisnor, a 7-year-old Berkley girl who is battling stage IV hepatoblastoma. Known primarily as a childhood cancer, ...

Retail Notes - Charlotte Observer

Posted: July 11th, 2010, 10:02pm CDT

Retail Notes
Charlotte Observer
Jackson, 3, was diagnosed in January with Stage IV Hepatoblastoma, a rare form of liver cancer that had progressed to his lungs. ...

Community Invited to Free Boot Camp for Local Boy With Cancer - Cabarrus Business & Lifestyles Magazine

Posted: July 6th, 2010, 8:24am CDT

Community Invited to Free Boot Camp for Local Boy With Cancer
Cabarrus Business & Lifestyles Magazine
Jackson is a local 3 year old boy who was diagnosed in January with Stage IV Hepatoblastoma, a rare form of liver cancer that had progressed to his lungs. ...

Fundraiser for teen with cancer - Yuma Sun

Posted: June 24th, 2010, 5:52pm CDT

Fundraiser for teen with cancer
Yuma Sun
The cancer, called hepatoblastoma, is a rare cancer found in children, Casares said. “There's really no symptoms until it's too late,” she said, ...

Murrieta mom holds lemonade stand to fight cancer - Southwest Riverside News Network

Posted: June 19th, 2010, 1:58pm CDT

Murrieta mom holds lemonade stand to fight cancer
Southwest Riverside News Network
Xander was diagnosed on Christmas Eve with Stage 3 Hepatoblastoma, just after Kucich had given birth to her second child. The disease is a rare form of ...

Jackson's journey keeps hope alive - Carolina Weekly

Posted: June 11th, 2010, 11:36am CDT

Jackson's journey keeps hope alive
Carolina Weekly
He and his doctors are battling to defeat stage IV hepatoblastoma discovered in January in the boy's lungs and liver. The Laskowskis have been prepared for ...

PubMed - Hepatoblastoma

Apoptotic protein expression, glycogen content, DNA ploidy and cell proliferation in hepatoblastoma subtyping and their role in prognostication.

Fetched: September 1st, 2010, 9:31am CDT

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Apoptotic protein expression, glycogen content, DNA ploidy and cell proliferation in hepatoblastoma subtyping and their role in prognostication.

Pediatr Surg Int. 2010 Aug 28;

Authors: Chopra A, Iyer VK, Agarwala S, Mathur SR, Aron M, Gupta SD, Verma K

PURPOSE: To evaluate Bcl-xL, Bax, PCNA, cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), glycogen content and DNA ploidy expression in hepatoblastoma (HB) and their prognostic value. METHODS: This retrospective study on 26 cases of HB involved DNA ploidy estimations separately for various subtypes on histological sections using image cytometry of Feulgen-stained smears. Glycogen content, PCNA, CK-19, Bax and Bcl-xL expression on tissue sections were evaluated. THE outcome on follow-up (mean 86 months) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. RESULTS: Fetal areas were diploid (84%); embryonal areas were aneuploid (89.47%) (p < 0.001). PCNA labeling index was low in fetal (10.82%) and high in embryonal areas (59.85%) (p = 0.03). CK-19 was negative in fetal, but focally positive in embryonal areas. Bax was negative in fetal (80%) and positive in embryonal areas (88.23%) (p < 0.001); Bcl-xL was more frequently positive in fetal (90%) than embryonal areas (52.94%) (p = 0.02). Fetal cells were rich in glycogen. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed good initial radiological response to chemotherapy (p = 0.009), glycogen content (p = 0.0137) and DNA diploid cases (p = 0.0429) were associated with good outcome on univariate analysis. Histology typing (p = 0.085), Bcl-xL (p = 0.689), Bax (p = 0.27), CK-19 (p = 0.281), PCNA (p = 0.689), age (p = 0.24), sex (p = 0.5661), stage (p = 0.24) and alpha-fetoprotein levels (p = 0.49) were unrelated to outcome. Multivariate analysis showed glycogen content to be the most statistically significant variable (0.024). CONCLUSION: Fetal and embryonal areas show different staining patterns for PCNA, Bax and Bcl-xL. DNA ploidy and glycogen content are significant prognostic variables.

PMID: 20803149 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dibromoacetonitrile (CAS No. 3252-43-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies).

Fetched: September 1st, 2010, 9:31am CDT

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NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dibromoacetonitrile (CAS No. 3252-43-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies).

Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 2010 Jun;(544):1-194

Authors:

Dibromoacetonitrile is formed as a result of the reaction of chlorine oxidizing compounds (e.g., chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite) with natural organic matter, particularly nitrogen-containing organic compounds, in water containing bromine; it is also a by-product of ozone disinfection. Dibromoacetonitrile is not produced on a large industrial scale. Thus, chlorinated drinking water is the primary source of human exposure to dibromoacetonitrile. The United States Environmental Protection Agency nominated dibromoacetonitrile for carcinogenicity studies as part of an interagency initiative to characterize the potential chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of exposure to various water disinfection by-products in drinking water. Dibromoacetonitrile was selected as a representative of the family of haloacetonitriles. The drinking water route mimics the major pathway of human exposure to dibromoacetonitrile. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to dibromoacetonitrile (98.6% pure) in drinking water for 2 weeks, 3 months, or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Drosophila melanogaster, and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. 2-WEEK STUDY IN RATS Groups of five male and five female rats were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/L dibromoacetonitrile for 15 days (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 2, 3, 7, 12, or 18 mg dibromoacetonitrile/kg body weight for males and 2, 4, 7, 12, or 19 mg/kg for females). All rats survived to the end of the study. The mean body weights of 200 mg/L males were significantly less than those of the control group. Water consumption decreased in an exposure-related manner. Atrophy of the testicular germinal epithelium occurred in two males exposed to 200 mg/L. 2-WEEK STUDY IN MICE Groups of five male and five female mice were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/L dibromoacetonitrile for 15 days (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 2, 4, 8, 15, or 21 mg/kg for males and 2, 3, 10, 14, or 22 mg/kg for females). All mice survived to the end of the study. Mean body weights of all exposed groups were similar to those of the controls. Water consumption by mice exposed to 200 mg/L was less than that by the controls. The liver weights of females exposed to 50, 100, or 200 mg/L were significantly decreased. No lesions were attributed to exposure to dibromoacetonitrile. 3-MONTH STUDY IN RATS Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/L dibromoacetonitrile for 3 months (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 1, 2, 3, 6, or 11 mg/kg for males and 1, 2, 4, 7, or 13 mg/kg for females). All rats survived to the end of the study. The mean body weights of 200 mg/L females were significantly less than those of the control group. Water consumption by 200 mg/L rats was less than that by the control groups. No histopathologic lesions were attributed to exposure to dibromoacetonitrile. 3-MONTH STUDY IN MICE Groups of 10 male and 10 female mice were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/L dibromoacetonitrile for 3 months (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 2, 3, 6, 11, or 18 mg/kg for males and females). All mice survived to the end of the study. The mean body weights of exposed groups were similar to those of the controls. Water consumption by 200 mg/L females was less than that by the controls. No histopathologic lesions were attributed to exposure to dibromoacetonitrile. 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS Groups of 50 male and 50 female rats were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/L dibromoacetonitrile for 105 to 106 weeks (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 2, 4, or 7 mg/kg for males and 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg for females). Survival of all exposed groups of rats was similar to that of the controls. Mean body weights of 200 mg/L males were approximately 7% less than those of the controls during the second year of the study. Water consumption by the 100 and 200 mg/L groups was generally less than that by the controls throughout the study. The combined incidence of squamous cell papilloma or carcinoma of the oral mucosa or tongue was significantly increased in 200 mg/L males. The incidence of squamous cell papilloma in the oral mucosa or tongue was increased in 100 mg/L females, but not significantly. Oral cavity neoplasms are uncommon in untreated F344/N rats, occurring at a mean incidence of 1% or less in males and females. The incidence of squamous epithelial hyperplasia of the tongue was increased in 200 mg/L females. The latter lesion is considered to be part of the continuum of proliferative changes in oral cavity neoplasia. Glandular stomach adenomas were observed in two 200 mg/L males. This is a rare neoplasm that has not been seen in nearly 2,000 historical control male F344/N rats. The incidence of glandular ectasia of the glandular stomach in 200 mg/L females was significantly increased. The incidences of epithelial hyperkeratosis of the esophagus were significantly increased in 100 and 200 mg/L males and females. The incidences of squamous cell papilloma or keratoacanthoma (combined) and squamous cell papilloma, keratoacanthoma, basal cell adenoma, or basal cell carcinoma (combined) of the skin occurred with a positive trend in female rats. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE Groups of 50 male and 50 female mice were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/L dibromoacetonitrile/L for 105 to 106 weeks (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 4, 7, or 13 mg/kg for males and 3, 6, or 11 mg/kg for females). Survival of female mice exposed to 100 or 200 mg/L was significantly greater than that of the controls. Mean body weights of 200 mg/L males and females were less than those of the controls throughout most of the study. Water consumption by exposed groups was also less than that of controls throughout most of the study. The incidence of squamous cell papilloma or carcinoma (combined) of the forestomach was significantly increased in 200 mg/L males. The incidence of squamous cell papilloma of the forestomach was significantly increased in 200 mg/L females. Squamous cell neoplasms of the forestomach are uncommon in control male and female B6C3F1 mice, occurring at a mean incidence of about 1% to 2%. The incidences of epithelial hyperplasia of the forestomach were slightly increased in 50 and 200 mg/L males. The latter lesion is considered to be part of the continuum of proliferative changes in forestomach neoplasia. The incidence of hepatoblastoma was significantly increased in 50 mg/L males; the incidences of hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, or hepatoblastoma (combined) were significantly increased in 50 and 100 mg/L males. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY Dibromoacetonitrile was tested in five independent bacterial mutagenicity assays, each using multiple tester strains of S. typhimurium or E. coli, and mutagenic responses were seen in all five assays, primarily in S. typhimurium strain TA100 in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation (S9), but sometimes also in TA97, TA1535, and E. coli Wp2uvrA/pKM101 with S9. Induced hamster liver S9 enzymes were most effective in generating the mutagenic metabolite, although some very weak activity was also seen with induced rat liver S9 at some of the laboratories. In vivo, dibromoacetonitrile did not induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in germ cells of male D. melanogaster exposed by feeding or by injection, and no increases in the frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes were observed in peripheral blood of male or female mice administered dibromoacetonitrile for 3 months in drinking water. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of these 2-year drinking water studies there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of dibromoacetonitrile in male rats based on increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas or carcinomas of the oral cavity; adenomas in the glandular stomach of male rats were also considered to be exposure-related. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of dibromoacetonitrile in female rats based on an increased incidence of squamous cell papillomas of the oral cavity; increased incidences of basal cell or squamous cell neoplasms of the skin in female rats may have been related to dibromoacetonitrile exposure. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of dibromoacetonitrile in male mice based on increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas or carcinomas of the forestomach. Increased incidences of neoplasms in the liver of male mice may have been related to dibromoacetonitrile exposure. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of dibromoacetonitrile in female mice based on increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas of the forestomach. Exposure to dibromoacetonitrile for 2 years caused increased incidences of epithelial hyperkeratosis in the esophagus of male and female rats, glandular ectasia of the glandular stomach and squamous epithelial hyperplasia of the tongue in female rats, and squamous epithelial hyperplasia of the forestomach in male mice. Synonym: 2,2-dibromoacetonitrile.

PMID: 20725153 [PubMed - in process]
Hepatocyte apoptotic bodies encasing nonstructural HCV proteins amplify hepatic stellate cell activation: implications for chronic hepatitis C.

Fetched: September 1st, 2010, 9:31am CDT

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Hepatocyte apoptotic bodies encasing nonstructural HCV proteins amplify hepatic stellate cell activation: implications for chronic hepatitis C.

J Viral Hepat. 2010 Aug 15;

Authors: Gieseler RK, Marquitan G, Schlattjan M, Sowa JP, Bechmann LP, Timm J, Roggendorf M, Gerken G, Friedman SL, Canbay A

Summary. Chronic hepatitis C infection leads to increased hepatocyte apoptosis. Because engulfment of apoptotic bodies (ABs) by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is profibrogenic, we compared the effects of ABs derived from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-negative vs HCV-infected (Con1+) Huh7 hepatoblastoma cells on fibrogenic and activation-related mRNA expression by a human HSC line (LX2). Uptake of Huh7(Con1+) ABs by LX2 cells dose dependently upregulated profibrotic genes (COL1A1, TGFB1; TIMP1; TIMP2). When normalized to the apoptotic cytokeratin-18 M30 neoepitope, HCV(+) ABs exhibited a more pronounced effect than HCV(-) ABs. In contrast, neither noningested ABs nor nucleic acids obtained from Huh7, Huh7(Con1+) or HepG2 cells triggered those AB-dependent effects. Both the engulfment of Huh7(Con1+) ABs and their effects were partially blocked by masking of phosphatidylserine with annexin V and completely inhibited by the class-A scavenger receptor ligand, polyinosinic acid. Our findings demonstrate that AB uptake stimulates HSCs and indicate that HCV infection leads to amplified fibrogenic mRNA expression and enhanced HSC activation.

PMID: 20723040 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
In vitro Assessment of Poly-iodinated Triglyceride Reconstituted Low-Density Lipoprotein: Initial Steps Toward CT Molecular Imaging.

Fetched: September 1st, 2010, 9:31am CDT

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In vitro Assessment of Poly-iodinated Triglyceride Reconstituted Low-Density Lipoprotein: Initial Steps Toward CT Molecular Imaging.

Acad Radiol. 2010 Aug 17;

Authors: Hill ML, Corbin IR, Levitin RB, Cao W, Mainprize JG, Yaffe MJ, Zheng G

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Targeted molecular probes offer the potential for greater specificity in cancer imaging with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). We investigate a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) nanoparticle loaded with poly-iodinated triglyceride (ITG) in a proof of concept study of targeted x-ray imaging. LDLs are targeted to the LDL cell surface receptor (LDLR), which is overexpressed in several tumor types. The LDL-LDLR pathway presents a high-capacity and self-renewing transport system for molecular imaging in CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ITG was synthesized and loaded into the core of LDL particles to form a reconstituted nanoparticle, hereafter referred to as (rITG)LDL. Particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering. The x-ray attenuation of the (rITG)LDL solution was measured with CT imaging and signal enhancement was calibrated for equivalent iodine concentration. Cultured human hepatoblastoma G2 (HepG2) cells, which overexpress LDLR, were incubated with (rITG)LDL with or without native LDL. The cells were imaged with CT to characterize particle sequestration. RESULTS: Reconstitution of LDL with ITG was successful and did not compromise the targeting function of the particle. Measurement of the x-ray attenuation properties of the (rITG)LDL solution revealed an effective iodine concentration of 0.78 mg/mL. In vitro studies of HepG2 cells demonstrated a significant increase in CT image intensity over control cells when incubated with (rITG)LDL. CONCLUSION: The in vitro results of this study suggest that (rITG)LDL can provide adequate image enhancement for CT molecular imaging. Potential applications include breast imaging and small animal imaging at low x-ray energies. In vivo experiments will be required to verify that tumor uptake of (rITG)LDL is sufficient for enhanced detection. Use at higher x-ray energies, as used in conventional CT, will require a further increase in iodine loading.

PMID: 20719547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Frequent down-regulation and deletion of KLF6 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fetched: September 1st, 2010, 9:31am CDT

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Frequent down-regulation and deletion of KLF6 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2010 Aug;30(4):470-6

Authors: Wang S, Kang L, Chen X, Zhou H

Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) was reported as tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, loss of chromosomal locus spanning KLF6 is relatively infrequent in previous published studies. To explore the role of KLF6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we examined the gene for expression change, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation in 26 HCC samples. The expression levels of KLF6 were significantly down-regulated in HCCs, as detected by qRT-PCR. LOH occurred in 11 (52%) of 21 tumors, and all the samples with LOH showed KLF6 down-regulation. The mutational frequency was 24%, and sequence changes located in activation domain of KLF6. Furthermore, MTT assay showed a significant antiproliferative effect of the wt KLF6 transfected in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that KLF6 could induce apoptosis. These findings indicate that deregulation of KLF6, together with genetic abnormalities of allelic imbalance and mutations, may play a role in HCC pathogenesis.

PMID: 20714872 [PubMed - in process]
A Child With an FGFR3 Mutation, a Laterality Disorder and an Hepatoblastoma: Novel Associations and Possible Gene-Environment Interactions.

Fetched: August 17th, 2010, 9:13am CDT

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A Child With an FGFR3 Mutation, a Laterality Disorder and an Hepatoblastoma: Novel Associations and Possible Gene-Environment Interactions.

Twin Res Hum Genet. 2010 Aug;13(4):297-300

Authors: Baynam GS, Goldblatt J

Abstract We report on a 3-year-old girl, from a 3-generation family with an FGFR3 Pro250Arg mutation, who in addition to craniosynostosis, had a laterality disorder and hepatoblastoma, following a pregnancy complicated by maternal insulin-dependent diabetes. The clinical features possibly result from the combined effects of the maternal diabetes and the familial FGFR3 mutation, thus representing a unique gene-environment interaction that may have implications for the understanding of the phenotypes described in this child.

PMID: 20707699 [PubMed - in process]
[Expression of GRP78 and GRP94 in the liver tissues and their clinicopathological significance in children with hepatoblastoma.]

Fetched: August 17th, 2010, 9:13am CDT

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[Expression of GRP78 and GRP94 in the liver tissues and their clinicopathological significance in children with hepatoblastoma.]

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Aug;12(8):634-6

Authors: Chen GN, Ma Y, Yang ZL

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of glucose-regulated protin 78 (GRP78) and glucose-regulated protin 94 (GRP94) in the liver tissues from children with hepatoblastoma (HB) and to investigate the possible clinicopathological values of GRP78 and GRP94 in HB. METHODS: Liver tissue specimens from 15 children with HB and 10 specimens of normal liver tissues were obtained. EnVison immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GRP78 and GRP94 in the conventional paraffin-embedded liver sections. RESULTS: The positive rates of GRP78 expression (53% vs 10%; P<0.05) and GRP94 expression (60% vs 10%; P<0.05) in HB liver tissues were significantly higher than those in the normal liver tissues. The positive rates of GRP78 expression in the cases without lymphnode metastasis or in clinical stage I-II were significantly lower than those in the cases with lymphnode metastasis or in clinical stage III-IV (P<0.05). GRP94 showed a decreased tendency of positive expression in the cases without lymphnode metastasis or in clinical stage I-II when compared with the cases with lymphnode metastasis or in clinical stage III-IV, although there were no statistical differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: GRP78 and GRP94 expression might play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of pediatric HB.

PMID: 20704797 [PubMed - in process]
Pathology of pediatric liver tumors, a single center experience from south of Iran.

Fetched: August 17th, 2010, 9:13am CDT

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Pathology of pediatric liver tumors, a single center experience from south of Iran.

Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2010 Jul-Sep;53(3):428-32

Authors: Geramizadeh B, Bahador A, Foroutan HR, Banani A, Nikeghbalian S, Malek-Hosseini SA

Background: Pediatric hepatic malignancies are rare, accounting for 1-4% of all solid childhood tumors. The histopathology of childhood hepatic tumors guides the treatment and prognosis, and is the cornerstone for precise diagnosis. Until now, there has been no documented study on pediatric liver tumor cases from this center; in this report, we show our experience about the common types of childhood hepatic tumors during five years (2002-2007) and compare them with other studies. Materials and Methods: During five years (2002-2007), all the hepatic tumors of childhood (under 18 year-old) from the pathology file of Namazi Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences are recorded. This includes both resected specimens and biopsies. All the slides were reviewed and the pathologic diagnosis was confirmed. Results: We detected 53 liver tumor cases in children (below 18 years of age). Among these tumors, 36 (67.9%) were malignant. Male to female ratio was 1.5 to 1. Hepatoblastoma was the most common liver tumor in this age group accounting for 22 patients (41.5%). The second most common primary tumor was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with five patients. Another malignant tumor was embryonal sarcoma. Benign tumors included adenoma, mesenchymal hamartoma, vascular tumors, focal nodular hyperplasia, and inflammatory pseudo tumor. There were also seven metastatic tumors during these five years. Conclusions: The spectrum of hepatic tumors in children is different from that found in the older age group (adults) and also different in different populations.

PMID: 20699496 [PubMed - in process]
Cytotoxicity of Subtoxic AgNP in Human Hepatoma Cell Line (HepG2) after Long-Term Exposure.

Fetched: August 10th, 2010, 6:32pm CDT

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Cytotoxicity of Subtoxic AgNP in Human Hepatoma Cell Line (HepG2) after Long-Term Exposure.

Iran Biomed J. 2010 Jan-Apr;14(1-2):23-32

Authors: Nowrouzi A, Meghrazi K, Golmohammadi T, Golestani A, Ahmadian S, Shafiezadeh M, Shajary Z, Khaghani S, Amiri AN

We aimed at evaluating the toxicity effects of low (subtoxic) concentrations of silver nanoparticles nanoparticles (AgNP, 5-10 nm) in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cell line after and during a period of about one month. Methods: XTT and MTT assays were used to draw a dose-response curve; IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value of the AgNP on HepG2 cells was calculated to be 2.75-3.0 mg/l. The cells were exposed to concentrations of 0% (control), 1%, 4% and 8% IC50 of AgNP (corresponding to 0.00, 0.03, 0.12 and 0.24 mg/l of AgNP, respectively) for four consecutive passages. The treated cells were compared to the control group with respect to morphology and proliferation at the end of the period. Results: The biochemical studies revealed significant increases of lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activity in the culture media of cells receiving 4% and 8% IC50; the increases in the aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activity and nitric oxide concentration became significant at 8% IC50. In the cell extracts, the average total protein and activity of glutathione peroxidase enzyme remained unchanged; the decrease in the average content of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity became significant at 4% and 8% IC50. There were increases in lipid peroxidation (significant at 4% and 8% IC50) and cytochrome c content (significant at 8% IC50). The accumulations of the effects, during the experiment from one generation to the next, were not statistically remarkable except in cases of GSH and SOD. The results indicate clearly the involvement of oxidative changes in the cells after exposure to low doses of AgNP. Conclusion: The results might help specify a safer amount of AgNP for use in different applications.

PMID: 20683495 [PubMed - in process]
Inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X enhances chemotherapy sensitivity in hepatoblastoma cells.

Fetched: August 4th, 2010, 9:26am CDT

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Inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X enhances chemotherapy sensitivity in hepatoblastoma cells.

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Aug 2;

Authors: Lieber J, Kirchner B, Eicher C, Warmann SW, Seitz G, Fuchs J, Armeanu-Ebinger S

BACKGROUND: An increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins is regularly found in malignant cells, contributing to their clonal expansion by conferring an improved survival ability. In Hepatoblastoma (HB) apoptosis regulation contributes to resistance and therapy failure, therefore we modulated apoptosis sensitivity of HB cells for an improved cytotoxic activity of commonly used drugs. PROCEDURE: Apoptosis-related proteins were quantified in HB cells (HuH6 and HepT1) using protein assays. Interaction of ABT-737, a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-W with cytotoxic drugs was monitored in a proliferation assay. Apoptosis induction was measured by caspase-3 activity. RESULTS: We found high levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-X as well as low levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Bad in both HB cell lines. ABT-737 induced apoptosis in HuH6 and HepT1 cells at concentrations higher than 1 microM. ABT-737 also enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin (CDDP), doxorubicin (DOXO), etoposide and paclitaxel when used as combination therapy. HuH6 expressed slightly higher pro-apoptotic and lower anti-apoptotic protein levels than HepT1, which may explain the stronger enhancement of cytostatic drug effects in HuH6 cells when treated in combination with ABT-737. CONCLUSION: The observed anti-apoptotic phenotype in HB cell lines may contribute to resistance to cytotoxic drugs used in the standard treatment protocol of HB. These pre-clinical results suggest that apoptosis sensitizers with BH-3 mimicry, such as ABT-737, should be further evaluated in preclinical models of HB. Pediatr Blood Cancer. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PMID: 20680965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Liver transplantation for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy: Indications, limitations, and analysis of the current literature.

Fetched: August 4th, 2010, 9:26am CDT

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Liver transplantation for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy: Indications, limitations, and analysis of the current literature.

Liver Transpl. 2010 Aug;16(8):930-42

Authors: Grossman EJ, Millis JM

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is currently incorporated into the treatment regimens for specific nonhepatocellular malignancies. For patients suffering from early-stage, unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), OLT preceded by neoadjuvant radiotherapy has the potential to readily achieve a tumor-free margin, accomplish a radical resection, and treat underlying primary sclerosing cholangitis when present. In highly selected stage I and II patients with CCA, the 5-year survival rate is 80%. As additional data are accrued, OLT with neoadjuvant chemoradiation may become a viable alternative to resection for patients with localized, node-negative hilar CCA. Hepatic involvement from neuroendocrine tumors can be treated with OLT when metastases are unresectable or for palliation of medically uncontrollable symptoms. Five-year survival rates as high as 90% have been reported, and the Ki67 labeling index can be used to predict outcomes after OLT. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor of vascular origin. The data from single-institution series are limited, but compiled reviews have reported 1- and 10-year survival rates of 96% and 72%, respectively. Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary hepatic malignancy in children. There exist subtle differences in the timing of chemotherapy between US and European centers; however, the long-term survival rate after transplantation ranges from 66% to 77%. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is a distinct liver malignancy best treated by surgical resection. However, there is an increasing amount of data supporting OLT when resection is contraindicated. In the treatment of either primary or metastatic hepatic sarcomas, unacceptable survival and recurrence rates currently prohibit the use of OLT. Liver Transpl 16:930-942, 2010. (c) 2010 AASLD.

PMID: 20677284 [PubMed - in process]
$Permalink for 'A phase II trial and pharmacokinetic study of oxaliplatin in children with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study.'$
A phase II trial and pharmacokinetic study of oxaliplatin in children with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study.

Fetched: August 4th, 2010, 9:26am CDT

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A phase II trial and pharmacokinetic study of oxaliplatin in children with refractory solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group study.

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Sep;55(3):440-5

Authors: Beaty O, Berg S, Blaney S, Malogolowkin M, Krailo M, Knight R, Schaiquevich P, Stewart C, Chen Z, Nelson M, Voss S, Ivy SP, Adamson PC

BACKGROUND: Platinating agents are used in the treatment of a spectrum of childhood cancers. Oxaliplatin, a third generation platinum compound, may provide less toxicity and be more effective. A phase 2 study was performed to estimate the response rate to single agent oxaliplatin in patients with refractory pediatric solid tumors, and to further describe the toxicities and pharmacokinetics of the drug in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects, < or =21 years of age at original diagnosis, received oxaliplatin (130 mg/m(2)) intravenously every 21 days. Prior platinum exposure was acceptable. Histologies included: Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, high and low grade astrocytoma, brain stem glioma, ependymoma, hepatoblastoma and selected rare tumors. A two-stage design, enrolling 10 + 10 subjects, was used for each disease stratum. Limited sampling pharmacokinetic studies were performed. RESULTS: Of 124 eligible subjects (75 males), 113 were evaluable for response and 69 (62%) had received platinum previously. Only one objective response was observed, a partial response in a 6-year-old child with ependymoma. An additional 13 subjects with various other solid tumors had stable disease, receiving a median (range) of 13.5 (2-17) cycles. Five subjects completed 17 treatment cycles. Thrombocytopenia was the most common toxicity observed. The median (range) terminal half-life and clearance for ultrafiltrable platinum were 293 (187-662 hr) and 14.0 (1.9-24.9 L/hr/m(2)), respectively (n = 49). CONCLUSIONS: Although reasonably well tolerated, oxaliplatin administered as a single agent has limited activity in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors.

PMID: 20658614 [PubMed - in process]
A pictorial review of imaging of abdominal tumours in adolescence.

Fetched: July 11th, 2010, 1:35pm CDT

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A pictorial review of imaging of abdominal tumours in adolescence.

Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Jul 3;

Authors: Rasalkar DD, Chu WC, Cheng FW, Hui SK, Ling SC, Li CK

Neoplastic abdominal tumours, particularly those originating from embryonal tissue (such as hepatoblastoma and nephroblastoma) and neural crest cells (such as neuroblastoma), are well-documented in young children. Neoplasms of adulthood, most commonly carcinoma of different visceral organs, are also well-documented. Abdominal tumours in adolescence constitute a distinct pathological group. The radiological features of some of these tumours have been described only in isolated reports. The purpose of this pictorial essay was to review the imaging findings of various kinds of abdominal tumours in adolescent patients (with an age range of 10-16 years) who presented to the Children Cancer Center of our institution in the past 15 years. Some tumours, though rare, have characteristic imaging appearances (especially in CT) that enable an accurate diagnosis before definite histological confirmation.

PMID: 20602098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Hepatoblastoma: experience from a single center.

Fetched: July 11th, 2010, 1:35pm CDT

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Hepatoblastoma: experience from a single center.

Indian J Cancer. 2010 Jul-Sep;47(3):314-6

Authors: Singh T, Satheesh CT, Appaji L, Aruna Kumari BS, Padma M, Kumar MV, Mukherjee G

BACKGROUND: The cornerstones of successful treatment of hepatoblastoma (HB) include preoperative chemotherapy followed by complete anatomical resection of tumor, followed by chemotherapy. Advances in chemotherapy in the last 2 decades have been associated with a higher rate of tumor response and possibly a greater potential for resectability. AIMS: We analyzed our single center experience with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and surgery in HBs. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Our study included all children with HBs who received NACT and underwent surgical excision from January 1997 to July 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient characteristics, clinical features, clinical course, treatment modalities, and long-term outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 9 boys and 3 girls, aged 5-60 months (median age at tumor diagnosis was 24 months). All received NACT containing cisplatin and doxorubicin. Of the 12 children, 9 underwent hepatectomy and among them, 4 patients each had right and left hepatectomy and 1 patient underwent right extended hepatectomy. After surgery, all patients completed rest of the chemotherapy course (total 6 cycles). R0 resection was carried out in all the 9 cases with no life-threatening complications. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience of the 9 cases, although less in number, reaffirms the advantages of NACT followed by surgery. The prognosis for patients with resectable tumors is fairly good in combination with chemotherapy.

PMID: 20587909 [PubMed - in process]
Telomere maintenance as therapeutic target in embryonal tumours.

Fetched: July 11th, 2010, 1:35pm CDT

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Telomere maintenance as therapeutic target in embryonal tumours.

Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2010 Mar;10(3):196-212

Authors: Shalaby T, Hiyama E, Grotzer MA

Embryonal tumours most commonly occur in the first few years of life and account for approximately 30% of childhood malignancies. Knowledge of these tumours' genetics has already impacted on their clinical management and further knowledge of their cellular immortalization will hopefully result in novel therapies. The ends of human chromosomes are capped and protected by telomeres; cellular replication, however, causes their loss. A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in senescence and cell death. To proliferate beyond the senescence checkpoint, cells must restore their telomere length. Hence stabilization of telomere is an important step in cell immortalization and carcinogenesis. Telomere maintenance is evident in virtually all types of malignant cells, including embryonal tumours, where either a telomerase-dependent or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism is employed in order to ensure their limitless replicative potential. For this reason effective strategies targeting telomere maintenance in cancer cells require a combination of telomerase and ALT inhibitors. In this review, we are giving an overview about telomere maintenance in childhood tumours and discussing its potential as a new therapeutic target.

PMID: 20017721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Tyrosinemia Type 1: Metastatic Hepatoblastoma With a Favorable Outcome.

Fetched: June 26th, 2010, 9:50am CDT

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Tyrosinemia Type 1: Metastatic Hepatoblastoma With a Favorable Outcome.

Pediatrics. 2010 Jun 14;

Authors: Nobili V, Jenkner A, Francalanci P, Castellano A, Holme E, Callea F, Dionisi-Vici C

The clinical course of tyrosinemia type 1 is characterized by acute liver failure in infancy or chronic liver dysfunction and renal Fanconi syndrome in late-presenting cases. Dietary treatment may improve liver function but does not prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in late childhood. A new treatment strategy that uses 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC), which prevents the production of toxic/carcinogenic metabolites, has dramatically changed the outcome of the disease by reducing the occurrence of liver cancer, especially in patients who start this treatment before the age of 2 years. We report here the case of a patient with a diagnosis of tyrosinemia type 1 at 5 months of age who was treated with NTBC and dietary restriction and in whom a liver neoplasm with lung metastases, histologically determined to be HCC, was found at the age of 15 months. A conservative approach that consisted of chemotherapy and partial hepatectomy resulted in a 12-year disease-free period. The excellent postchemotherapy course, in sharp contrast to the expected course of HCC, led to histologic reevaluation with reclassification of the neoplasm as hepatoblastoma. A diagnosis of hepatoblastoma would no longer be a mandate for a liver transplant for patients with tyrosinemia type 1 undergoing NTBC treatment. We encourage clinicians to perform more accurate evaluation of liver histology, because a neoplastic mass in a child with tyrosinemia type 1 is not the same as HCC.

PMID: 20547648 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
The overlap between Sotos and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes.

Fetched: June 26th, 2010, 9:50am CDT

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The overlap between Sotos and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes.

J Pediatr. 2010 Jun;156(6):1035-6; author reply 1036

Authors: Mussa A, Chiesa N, Porta F, Baldassarre G, Silengo MC, Ferrero GB

PMID: 20394943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Congenital absence of the portal vein-Case report and a review of literature.

Fetched: June 15th, 2010, 3:51pm CDT

Congenital absence of the portal vein-Case report and a review of literature.

Clin Anat. 2010 Jun 8;

Authors: Mistinova J, Valacsai F, Varga I

Congenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV) is a rare anomaly in which the intestinal and the splenic venous drainage bypass the liver and drain into systemic veins through various venous shunts. To our knowledge, we have reviewed all 83 cases of CAPV, since first described in 1793. This equates to a rate of almost 2.5 cases per year over the last 30 years. Morgan and Superina (1994, J. Pediatr. Surg. 29:1239-1241) proposed the following classification of portosystemic anomalies; either the liver is not perfused with portal blood because of a complete shunt (Type I) or the liver is perfused with portal blood due to the presence of a partial shunt (Type II). In our case, abdominal venous blood drained into the suprarenal inferior vena cava via the left renal vein and dilated left gastric veins. After analyzing all reported cases, we recognize that more than 65% of patients are females and more than 30% of all published cases had been diagnosed by the age of 5 years. Additional anomalies are common in CAPV. In the reported cases, more then 22% of patients had congenital heart disease. Other commonly found anomalies include abnormalities of the spleen, urinary and male genital tract, brain as well as skeletal anomalies. Hepatic changes such as focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatoblastoma are diagnosed in more then 40% of patients. This article also illustrates the radiological findings of CAPV. Radiological evaluation by ultrasound, CT, and MRI is helpful to detect coexisting abnormalities. Clin. Anat., 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PMID: 20533511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Parental educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic status and risk of childhood cancers.

Fetched: June 15th, 2010, 3:51pm CDT

Parental educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic status and risk of childhood cancers.

Br J Cancer. 2010 Jun 8;

Authors: Carozza SE, Puumala SE, Chow EJ, Fox EE, Horel S, Johnson KJ, McLaughlin CC, Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Mueller BA, Spector LG

Background:Little has been reported on socioeconomic (SES) patterns of risk for most forms of childhood cancer.Methods:Population-based case-control data from epidemiological studies of childhood cancer conducted in five US states were pooled and associations of maternal, paternal and household educational attainment with childhood cancers were analysed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression, controlling for confounders.Results:Although there was no association with parental education for the majority of cancers evaluated, there was an indication of a positive association with lower education for Hodgkin's and Burkitt's lymphoma and Wilm's tumour, with the ORs ranging from 1.5 to >3.0 times that of more educated parents. A possible protective effect was seen for lower parental education and astrocytoma and hepatoblastoma, with ORs reduced by 30 to 40%.Conclusions:These study results should be viewed as exploratory because of the broad nature of the SES assessment, but they give some indication that childhood cancer studies might benefit from a more thorough assessment of SES.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 8 June 2010; doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605732 www.bjcancer.com.

PMID: 20531410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Immunohistochemical staining of cancer stem cell markers in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fetched: June 15th, 2010, 3:51pm CDT

Immunohistochemical staining of cancer stem cell markers in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Exp Mol Pathol. 2010 May 16;

Authors: Lingala S, Cui YY, Chen X, Ruebner BH, Qian XF, Zern MA, Wu J

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be a critical subpopulation in tumor development, progression, metastasis and recurrence, and the identification of these cells is an initial step in understanding their role in oncogenesis and in seeking valuable markers for diagnosis or development of targeting therapeutics. AIMS: To identify CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and define their tissue specificity. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of CSC markers: CD44, CD90, CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was performed in 25 HCC specimens, 4 hepatoblastomas, 8 peri-malignant tissues, and 19 cases of viral hepatitis. RESULTS: The positivity of CD44 staining in HCC specimens was significantly lower than in viral hepatitis specimens. The positive rate of CD133 in HCC was similar to viral hepatitis specimens. CD133(+) cells were largely localized to ALDH-positive cells in HCC as revealed by confocal microscopy. In contrast, the co-expression of both markers was visualized within vessels or in the portal areas in viral hepatitis. Moreover, among 7 liver specimens adjacent to HCC tissue, 3-6 samples were positive for CD44, CD90, CD133 and ALDH, especially in dysplastic cells. One of 4 hepatoblastoma cases was positive for all these markers; whereas, the other three specimens were negative for all these CSC markers. CONCLUSIONS: In HCC and dysplastic tissues, clusters of CD133(+)/ALDH(high) cells were identified. The use of cancer stem cell markers to screen tissues with chronic liver diseases provides limited guidance in the identification of malignant cells.

PMID: 20511115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[Mechanism of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in hepatic blastoma cells HepG2]

Fetched: June 15th, 2010, 3:51pm CDT

[Mechanism of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in hepatic blastoma cells HepG2]

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2003 Mar;25(2):120-3

Authors: Yu D, Wang ZH, Zhu LY

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) induced apoptosis in hepatic blastoma cells HepG2 and its effects on cell nuclear matrix related protein promyelocytic leukaemia (PML). METHODS: HepG2 cells were cultured in MEM medium and treated with different concentrations of As(2)O(3) for either 24 h or 96 h. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) labeling (TUNEL) and DNA ladder were applied to detect apoptosis. Confocal microscopy and western blot were performed to observe the expression of PML. RESULTS: TUNEL positive apoptotic cells and DNA ladder could be detected in As(2)O(3) treated groups. The expression of PML decreased in HepG2 cells with 2 micro mol/L As(2)O(3), and micropunctates characteristic of PML protein in HepG2 cell nuclei almost disappeared after the treatment of 5 micro mol/L As(2)O(3). CONCLUSION: As(2)O(3) induces HepG2 tumor cell apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. As(2)O(3) may degradate the PML protein in HepG2 cell nuclei. The decreased expression of PML is closely correlated with apoptosis. Nuclear matrix associated protein PML could be the target of As(2)O(3) therapy.

PMID: 12795834 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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