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Gall Bladder Cancer (75 unread)

Google - Gall Bladder Cancer

Donald L. Carr | Accountant, 71 - Philadelphia Inquirer

Posted: April 26th, 2008, 1:11am EDT

Donald L. Carr | Accountant, 71
Philadelphia Inquirer, PA - Apr 26, 2008
Donald Lee Carr, 71, of Holland, an accountant and a member of the Bucks County Board of Elections, died Sunday of gall bladder cancer at the Masonic ...

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Investigational Drug May Treat Biliary Cancers, Study Suggests - Science Daily (press release)

Posted: April 16th, 2008, 6:16pm EDT

Investigational Drug May Treat Biliary Cancers, Study Suggests
Science Daily (press release) - Apr 16, 2008
Triphendiol is being developed by Marshall Edwards Inc., as a treatment for late stage pancreatic and gall bladder cancer and recently received orphan drug ...

Investigational Drug May Treat Biliary Cancers, Study Suggests - Science Daily (press release)

Posted: April 16th, 2008, 6:16pm EDT

Investigational Drug May Treat Biliary Cancers - Newswise (press release)

Posted: April 15th, 2008, 8:37am EDT

Investigational drug may treat biliary cancers
HULIQ (press release), NC - 8 hours ago
Triphendiol is being developed by Marshall Edwards Inc., as a treatment for late stage pancreatic and gall bladder cancer and recently received orphan drug ...

Gangetic plains has the second largest incidence of gall bladder ... - Express Pharma

Posted: April 4th, 2008, 11:36pm EDT

Gangetic plains has the second largest incidence of gall bladder ...
Express Pharma, India - Apr 3, 2008
The study found incidence of gall bladder cancer in the Gangetic regions of Vaishali, rural Patna and Varanasi to be around 20 to 25 per one lakh population ...

Gangetic plains has the second largest incidence of gall bladder ... - Express Pharma

Posted: April 4th, 2008, 11:36pm EDT

Thai medicine loses pioneer Pennapha, 56 - Bangkok Post

Posted: April 2nd, 2008, 6:58pm EDT

Thai medicine loses pioneer Pennapha, 56
Bangkok Post, Thailand - Apr 2, 2008
Pennapha Subcharoen, a pioneer of Thai traditional and alternative medicine development, died yesterday after a long battle with gall bladder cancer. ...

Dr. Joseph Horner , 73; inventor and musician - Atlanta Journal Constitution

Posted: March 26th, 2008, 2:58pm EDT

Dr. Joseph Horner , 73; inventor and musician
Atlanta Journal Constitution, USA - Mar 26, 2008
He died of gall bladder cancer March 7 in his Belmont home. Dr. Horner was 73 and had defeated one of his sons in a racquetball game a month before he died. ...

Sewage falling into Ganga causing cancer, SC informed - Hindu

Posted: March 7th, 2008, 8:45am EST

Sewage falling into Ganga causing cancer, SC informed
Hindu, India - Mar 7, 2008
The applications pointed out that the pollution posed thread of diseases like gall bladder cancer, mild intestinal disease and kidney complications. ...

Sewage falling into Ganga causing cancer, SC informed - Hindu

Posted: March 7th, 2008, 8:45am EST

Old fashioned fitness is idea behind new class - KVAL

Posted: March 4th, 2008, 6:46pm EST

Old fashioned fitness is idea behind new class
KVAL, OR - Mar 4, 2008
In women, obesity triggers a higher risk for kidney and gall bladder cancer. For the worst cases, bariatric surgery is an option, either a gastric by-pass ...

C also stands for cure, not just cancer - Daily News & Analysis

Posted: March 2nd, 2008, 2:40pm EST

C also stands for cure, not just cancer
Daily News & Analysis, India - Mar 2, 2008
“For instance, when it comes to gall bladder cancer or pancreatic cancer, we can now shrink the tumour and perform radical surgery on the patient, ...

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Bihar’s Gangetic plain falls in the cancer valley of India - Bihar Times

Posted: February 29th, 2008, 10:51pm EST

Bihar’s Gangetic plain falls in the cancer valley of India
Bihar Times, India - Feb 28, 2008
It was found that the incidence of gall bladder cancer is between 12 and 20 for every one lakh population. The corresponding figure for South India is just ...

Bihar’s Gangetic plain falls in the cancer valley of India - Bihar Times

Posted: February 29th, 2008, 10:51pm EST

WTRF HealthWatch For Feb. 28 - WTRF

Posted: February 28th, 2008, 10:19am EST

WTRF HealthWatch For Feb. 28
WTRF, WV - Feb 28, 2008
These include leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as thyroid and colon cancer in men and kidney and gall bladder cancer in women.
WTRF HealthWatch For Feb. 28 - WTRF

Posted: February 28th, 2008, 10:19am EST

WTRF HealthWatch For Feb. 28
WTRF, WV - Feb 28, 2008
These include leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as thyroid and colon cancer in men and kidney and gall bladder cancer in women.
WTRF HealthWatch For Feb. 28 - WTRF

Posted: February 28th, 2008, 10:19am EST

WTRF HealthWatch For Feb. 28
WTRF, WV - Feb 28, 2008
These include leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as thyroid and colon cancer in men and kidney and gall bladder cancer in women.

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World's second: Cancer valley along Ganga - MSN India

Posted: February 27th, 2008, 9:02pm EST

World's second: Cancer valley along Ganga
MSN India, India - Feb 27, 2008
“We tested the soil and the water, as well as the tissue samples of people suffering from gall bladder cancer,” said Dr Palepu Jagannath, chairman of the ...

University of Manchester links obesity to several types of cancer - Oregon Daily Emerald

Posted: February 25th, 2008, 1:26am EST

University of Manchester links obesity to several types of cancer
Oregon Daily Emerald, OR - Feb 25, 2008
In women, an average gain of 29 pounds was shown to increase the risk of uterus and gall bladder cancer by almost 60 percent, esophageal cancer by 51 ...

Comedian Fei Fei leaves fans in tears - People's Daily Online

Posted: February 19th, 2008, 5:52pm EST

Comedian Fei Fei leaves fans in tears
People's Daily Online, China - Feb 19, 2008
She had reportedly been suffering from bile duct inflammation, liver and gall bladder cancer and had been admitted to Queen Mary Hospital for treatment. ...

Comedian Fei Fei leaves fans in tears - People's Daily Online

Posted: February 19th, 2008, 5:52pm EST

PubMed - Gall Bladder Cancer

Total and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 in chronic cholecystitis: A prospective study.

Fetched: May 8th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Total and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 in chronic cholecystitis: A prospective study.

BMC Gastroenterol. 2008 May 6;8(1):14

Authors: Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK, Asimakopoulos B, Giatromanolaki A, Gavriilidis P, Polychronidis A, Karayiannakis A

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cell death mode has been studied in cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, apoptosis and necrosis are investigated for the first time in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis. METHODS: Thirty five (35) patients (27 women and 8 men, aged 55.65+/-13.48 years) with symptomatic chronic calculous cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The early specific apoptotic tendency (caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18) was studied in these patients with M30 Apoptosense ELISA and the total cytokerarin 18 (both derived from apoptosis and necrosis) with M65 ELISA. The ratio M30/M65 (caspase-cleaved to total cytokeratin 18) was also computed. According to the histopathological examination, the patients were divided in two groups: group A included patients with chronic inactive cholecystitis (n=10), and group B those with chronic active cholecystitis (n=25). RESULTS: The concentrations of caspase-cleaved cytokerarin 18 (CK18), and especially those of total CK18, were higher in bile samples than in serum samples. In group B, there were significant differences between serum and bile samples regarding both caspase-cleaved CK18 and total CK18. Cells staining positive for caspase-cleaved CK18 were present in the epithelial cells of the mucosa of the gallbladder. CONCLUSIONS: CK18 is expressed in the gallbladder epithelial cells. The concentrations of both caspase-cleaved CK18 and total CK18 were higher in bile samples than in serum samples. The levels of total CK18, as well as caspase-cleaved CK18, do not seem to differ between active and inactive chronic cholecystitis.

PMID: 18460214 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Metastatic breast carcinoma initially presenting as acute cholecystitis: a case report and review of the literature.

Fetched: May 8th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Metastatic breast carcinoma initially presenting as acute cholecystitis: a case report and review of the literature.

Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2008;29(2):179-81

Authors: Manouras A, Lagoudianakis EE, Genetzakis M, Pararas N, Papadima A, Kekis PB

INTRODUCTION: The gallbladder is an infrequent site of metastatic malignant disease. Although malignant melanoma, renal cell and cervical carcinoma have been documented, breast carcinoma has rarely been reported to metastasize in the gallbladder. CASE REPORT: We describe such a case that manifested as acute cholecystitis and was incidentally recognized after cholecystectomy, in an otherwise disease-free 46-year-old female who had undergone mastectomy for breast cancer two years before. The patient was subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy, but unfortunately died just a year after diagnosis because of generalized peritoneal seeding of the tumor. DISCUSSION: Metastatic gallbladder involvement is rare, especially in cases of primary breast carcinoma, usually leading to symptoms of abdominal pain, mimicking acute or chronic cholecystitis. Thus, abdominal pain in a patient with a previous history of breast carcinoma should raise suspicion of gallbladder metastasis.

PMID: 18459559 [PubMed - in process]
A New Scoring System for Gallbladder Cancer (Aiding Treatment Algorithm): An Analysis of 335 Patients.

Fetched: May 7th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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A New Scoring System for Gallbladder Cancer (Aiding Treatment Algorithm): An Analysis of 335 Patients.

Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 May 6;

Authors: Shukla PJ, Neve R, Barreto SG, Hawaldar R, Nadkarni MS, Mohandas KM, Shrikhande SV

BACKGROUND: There is currently no preoperative staging/scoring system available for gallbladder cancer. Unfortunately, in gallbladder cancer, patients manifest advanced stages of the disease. There is need for a methodology that can aid accurate preoperative staging and the subsequent treatment algorithm. We thus sought to validate a new scoring system, the Tata Memorial Hospital Staging System (TMHSS), for gallbladder cancer. METHODS: TMHSS is based on the cumulative impact of specific features of computed tomographic scan, presence or absence of jaundice, and serum cancer antigen 19-9 levels. This scoring system was first proposed in 2004. Patients with gallbladder cancer were enrolled onto the testing sample for TMHSS to ascertain its validity. A total of 335 consecutive patients with gallbladder cancer who sought care at the Tata Memorial Hospital between May 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006, were studied. Treatment was suggested on the basis of current existing protocols. Each patient was assigned a TMHSS score, and the treatment decision taken was compared with the algorithm generated for each individual score. Concurrence of the decision taken with the score generated algorithm was tested by the Kendall tau-b test. RESULTS: Ordinal-by-ordinal analysis of the value of the test was .75, which showed excellent concurrence and a statistically significant P value (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: TMHSS provides an excellent correlative treatment plan for patients with gallbladder cancer. It has the potential to reduce unnecessary surgical explorations and to direct patients to the ideal treatment strategy, thereby offering a degree of prognostication.

PMID: 18459007 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery associated with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

Fetched: May 6th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery associated with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

Dig Surg. 2008;25(1):8-9

Authors: Shimada K, Sakamoto Y, Esaki M, Kosuge T

PMID: 18235189 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Serial analysis of gene expression identifies connective tissue growth factor expression as a prognostic biomarker in gallbladder cancer.

Fetched: May 3rd, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Serial analysis of gene expression identifies connective tissue growth factor expression as a prognostic biomarker in gallbladder cancer.

Clin Cancer Res. 2008 May 1;14(9):2631-8

Authors: Alvarez H, Corvalan A, Roa JC, Argani P, Murillo F, Edwards J, Beaty R, Feldmann G, Hong SM, Mullendore M, Roa I, Ibañez L, Pimentel F, Diaz A, Riggins GJ, Maitra A

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon neoplasm in the United States, but one with high mortality rates. This malignancy remains largely understudied at the molecular level such that few targeted therapies or predictive biomarkers exist. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We built the first series of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) libraries from GBC and nonneoplastic gallbladder mucosa, composed of 21-bp long-SAGE tags. SAGE libraries were generated from three stage-matched GBC patients (representing Hispanic/Latino, Native American, and Caucasian ethnicities, respectively) and one histologically alithiasic gallbladder. Real-time quantitative PCR was done on microdissected epithelium from five matched GBC and corresponding nonneoplastic gallbladder mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on a panel of 182 archival GBC in high-throughput tissue microarray format. RESULTS: SAGE tags corresponding to connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) transcripts were identified as differentially overexpressed in all pairwise comparisons of GBC (P < 0.001). Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed significant overexpression of CTGF transcripts in microdissected primary GBC (P < 0.05), but not in metastatic GBC, compared with nonneoplastic gallbladder epithelium. By immunohistochemistry, 66 of 182 (36%) GBC had high CTGF antigen labeling, which was significantly associated with better survival on univariate analysis (P = 0.0069, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: An unbiased analysis of the GBC transcriptome by SAGE has identified CTGF expression as a predictive biomarker of favorable prognosis in this malignancy. The SAGE libraries from GBC and nonneoplastic gallbladder mucosa are publicly available at the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project web site and should facilitate much needed research into this lethal neoplasm.

PMID: 18451226 [PubMed - in process]
Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor on proliferation of biliary tract cancer cell lines.

Fetched: April 30th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor on proliferation of biliary tract cancer cell lines.

World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr 28;14(16):2578-81

Authors: Xu LN, Wang X, Zou SQ

AIM: To explore the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA) on the growth of biliary tract cancer cell lines (gallbladder carcinoma cell line and cholangiocarcinoma cell line) in vivo and in vitro, and to investigate the perspective of histone deacetylase inhibitor in its clinical application. METHODS: The survival rates of gallbladder carcinoma cell line (Mz-ChA-l cell line) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (QBC939, KMBC and OZ cell lines) treated with various doses of TSA were detected by methylthiazoy tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A nude mouse model of transplanted gallbladder carcinoma (Mz-ChA-l cell line) was successfully established, and changes in the growth of transplanted tumor after treated with TSA were measured. RESULTS: TSA could inhibit the proliferation of gallbladder carcinoma cell line (Mz-ChA-l cell line) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (QBC939, KMBC and OZ cell lines) in a dose-dependent manner. After the nude mouse model of transplanted gallbladder carcinoma (Mz-ChA-l cell line) was successfully established, the growth of cancer was inhibited in the model after treated with TSA. CONCLUSION: TSA can inhibit the growth of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

PMID: 18442209 [PubMed - in process]
[Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of biliary epithelial cells in advanced liver fibrosis]

Fetched: April 30th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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[Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of biliary epithelial cells in advanced liver fibrosis]

Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 2007;91:250-6

Authors: Schulze F, Schardt K, Wedemeyer I, Konze E, Wendland K, Dirsch O, Töx U, Dienes HP, Odenthal M

The conversion of epithelial cells in a mesenchymal cell type is called "epithelial-mesenchymal-transition" (EMT). This process is defined by a loss of epithelial specific characteristics such as cell adhesion, polarity and a reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins. EMT has been shown to be involved in progression of cancer and in obstructive renal fibrosis. In this study we analyzed liver tissues in a bile-duct ligation model of rats and human liver biopsies with cholestatic fibrosis and chronic hepatitis c infection to determine if biliary epithelial cells undergo phenotypical and functional changes during chronic injury. METHODS: Liver tissue of rats and human patients was examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against epithelial and mesenchymal specific targets as well as molecules of potentially activated signaling pathways. To study contribution of biliary epithelial cells in extracellular matrix production we performed laser microdissection combined with real-time PCR. RESULTS: Bile duct ligation in rats induced a prominent biliary epithelial proliferation and a pronounced expression of vimentin was observed in biliary epithelial cells, whereas no vimentin expression was detectable in bile duct cells of sham operated rats. In human liver biopsies from patients with cholestatic fibrosis and chronic hepatitis c infection a prominent biliary expression of vimentin could be shown. Despite this, epithelial marker proteins were still detectable. Further, we observed collagen I mRNA expression in laser microdissected bile ducts. CONCLUSION: Biliary epithelial cells show cytoskeletal rearrangements during chronic liver injury towards a mesenchymal phenotype. The detection of collagen I mRNA in bile duct cells suggests that they might participate in extracellular matrix production.

PMID: 18314622 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Biliary Sequelae following Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 Microspheres.

Fetched: April 29th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Biliary Sequelae following Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 Microspheres.

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008 May;19(5):691-7

Authors: Atassi B, Bangash AK, Lewandowski RJ, Ibrahim S, Kulik L, Mulcahy MF, Murthy R, Ryu RK, Sato KT, Miller FH, Omary RA, Salem R

PURPOSE: Yttrium-90 ((90)Y) radioembolization has emerged as a promising and safe therapeutic modality for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic liver cancer. The present report describes biliary sequelae following intraarterial (90)Y therapy in patients with HCC or liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients were treated with (90)Y therapy according to standard lobar treatment protocol. Pre- and posttreatment imaging, liver function tests, and serum total bilirubin measurements were performed. Three to 6 months after treatment, biliary sequelae were evaluated with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and any liver-related laboratory adverse events were noted. RESULTS: A total of 327 patients (HCC, n = 190; liver metastases, n = 137) received 569 infusions of (90)Y. At follow-up imaging, 33 patients (10.1%; liver metastases, n = 26; HCC, n = 7) had 40 imaging findings related to the biliary tree, including biliary necrosis (n = 17), biloma (n = 3), cholecystitis (n = 2), gallbladder wall enhancement (n = 6), gallbladder wall rent (n = 3), abscess (n = 1), and stricture (n = 8). A total of 31 patients exhibited grade 3/4 bilirubin toxicities (13 [6.8%] with HCC, 18 [13.1%] with liver metastases). Unplanned interventions prompted by biliary sequelae were necessary in six of 327 patients (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: (90)Y therapy in patients with HCC or metastatic disease to the liver is associated with an acceptable rate of biliary toxicities. Further studies assessing long-term biliary sequelae are warranted.

PMID: 18440457 [PubMed - in process]
An Epidemiological Analysis of Cancer Data in an Iranian Hospital during the Last Three Decades.

Fetched: April 29th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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An Epidemiological Analysis of Cancer Data in an Iranian Hospital during the Last Three Decades.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2008 Jan-Mar;9(1):145-50

Authors: Yavari P, Sadrolhefazi B, Mohagheghi M, Madani H, Mosavizadeh A, Nahvijou A, Mehrabi Y, Pourhseingholi M

Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iranian population. Descriptive epidemiology provides a better understanding of the etiology of cancer and the development strategies. The objective of this study was to collect analysis of data and discuss certain epidemiologic features of neoplasm using data from hospital. Records of 14,540 patients diagnosed for cancer during the time period 1973-2003, who were referred to the department of radiation oncology were studied. The tumors were coded and classified according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision and ICD-O. SPSS version 10 was used for statistical analysis. In this study the frequency distribution of cancer patients were computed by age of diagnosis, gender, and anatomical sites. There were 8,178 male patients (56%) and 6,365 females (44%) with a male female ratio of 1.29. Mean age was 44.5?21.6 with a median of 47 years. The mean age of diagnosis for females (43.8.?.19.7) was significantly lower than that of males (45.0?23.1) (P<0.05). The ten most frequent cancer sites among patients were breast (13.6%), brain &CNS (13.6%), skin(13.5%), haemapoitic system(9.7%), lymphoid (7.1%), esophagus (7.1%), colon & rectum (4%), male genital organs (1.3%), bladder (1.3%), lung (1.2%), and stomach (1%). These accounted for 81% of all cases. It was found that 41% of women's cancers were in the breast, female genital organs compared to 7.3%in male genital organs and breast. All tumors except the breast, female genital organs, thyroid, gallbladder and kidney cancers, were more frequent in males compared to women. The frequency of patients with cancers increased with age in both sexes. Overall 53% of cases were between 40-63 years of age. For those aged 54 and below the male to female ratio was 0.99, while after this age the ratio rose to 1.61. About 16.6% of tumors occurred in children aged 15 years or younger. More than four fifths (81%) of patients with cancer of haematopoeitic system were under age of 15 years. In conclusion, the results of this study present an important epidemiological understanding of patients with tumors. It emphasizes that gender plays an important role in the frequency of primary tumors, and how much the sex ratio varies with some types of tumors. We also noted that certain tumor types show a prediction for certain decades of life in our series.

PMID: 18439094 [PubMed - in process]
[Current role of laparoscopic assessment in hepato-biliary malignancies.]

Fetched: April 29th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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[Current role of laparoscopic assessment in hepato-biliary malignancies.]

J Chir (Paris). 2008 Feb;145(1):16-19

Authors: Fuks D, Regimbeau JM

In patients with hepatic or biliary malignancy which is presumed by pre-operative studies to be resectable, exploratory laparoscopy permits the avoidance of laparotomy in 20-50% of cases. This approach diminishes operative time, hospital stay, delay in starting chemotherapy, and cost. It is particularly appropriate for those maladies where it has the best yield: 1) cancer of the gallbladder; 2) hilar cholangiocarcinoma Stage T2-T3; and: 3) hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer or hepatocellular cancer with poor prognostic features.

PMID: 18438277 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
What is an adequate extent of resection for t1 gallbladder cancers?

Fetched: April 29th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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What is an adequate extent of resection for t1 gallbladder cancers?

Ann Surg. 2008 May;247(5):835-8

Authors: You DD, Lee HG, Paik KY, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW

OBJECTIVE:: The purpose of this study was to analyze clinicopathologic and surgical features and to determine what should be an adequate extent of resection for T1 gallbladder cancers. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA:: Simple cholecystectomy offers adequate treatment for T1a cancers; however, it remains debatable whether T1b cancers should be treated by simple cholecystectomy or by radical resection. METHODS:: Two hundred ninety patients with gallbladder cancer underwent surgical resection. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 patients with pathologic stage T1 (27 [52%] with T1a and 25 [48%] with T1b). Clinicopathologic features, extents of resection, and survival rates were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS:: No lymph node metastasis or lymphovascular or perineural infiltration was observed in those with T1a disease, but 2 of the 25 patients with T1b disease (3.8%) had lymph node metastasis and 1 patient (1.9%) had lymphatic infiltration. Twenty-one of the 52 study subjects (40.3%) underwent simple cholecystectomy. No peritoneal dissemination occurred regardless of the surgical method (laparoscopy or open surgery). Of the 23 radically resected patients (44.2%) in T1b group, 6 patients (11.5%) underwent cholecystectomy and hepatoduodenal lymph node dissection (CholeLN), and 17 patients (32.7%) underwent CholeLN combined with wedge resection of IVb and V segments of liver, common bile duct resection, or pancreaticoduodenectomy. No difference in locoregional recurrence, metastasis, or survival rate was observed regardless of combined resection of an adjacent organ. The overall survival rate for all patients was 96.2%, and for T1a and T1b these were 96.3% and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSION:: When early gallbladder carcinoma is suspected on the basis of imaging findings, further evaluation of the depth of invasion by endoscopic ultrasonography or intraoperative frozen biopsy is advised. Then, if the disease stage is determined to be T1a, laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy alone is curative, and if T1b, cholecystectomy with hepatoduodenal lymph node dissection without combined resection of an adjacent organ is recommended.

PMID: 18438121 [PubMed - in process]
[A Rare Case with Gardner's Syndrome, Complicated with Rectal Carcinoma.]

Fetched: April 26th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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[A Rare Case with Gardner's Syndrome, Complicated with Rectal Carcinoma.]

Khirurgiia (Sofiia). 2007;62(3):60-3

Authors: Bliznashki I, Minev M, Mihova A, Velev M

Gardner's syndrome is a rare variant of the Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) in which affected individuals develop thousands of polyps within the gastrointestinal tract, with a 100 % risk of eventual malignant change. They also have a variety of extraintestinal abnormalities - various soft and hard tissues tumors like fibroma, osteoma, epidermoid cysts, sebaceous cysts on the scalp. Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease, caused by mutations in APC ( adenomatous polyposis coli ) gene, which is located in chromosomal locus 5q21- q22. Firstly it has been described in 1953 by Gardner and Richards. They have investigated a family of 51 members with polyposis, some of them with multiple epidermoid cysts, fibromas and jaw osteomas. Eight of them have died by colorectal carcinoma. If undetected or untreated virtually all patients develop colonic carcinoma at a young age. Due to this high risk of malignancy the patients with Gardner's syndrome usually undergo surgical treatment by total or subtotal proctocolectomy. We report a case with Gardner's syndrome - a 36 year-old male who has been operated on in Department of Surgery in Vth city clinical hospital in October 2003. He had multiple adenomatous polyposis of colon, rectal cancer, osteomas of skull bones, subcutaneous fibromas and lipomas. We discovered also by ultrasound examination a polyp of gall bladder. His father has had also multiple polyposis with malignancy and metastatic lesions and he has died at age of 49 years. We performed total proctocolectomy with definitive iliac anus and cholecystectomy.

PMID: 18437113 [PubMed - in process]
Detection of gall bladder cancer metastases in rare sites by PET scan.

Fetched: April 24th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Detection of gall bladder cancer metastases in rare sites by PET scan.

Indian J Gastroenterol. 2007 Nov-Dec;26(6):303-4

Authors: Shukla PJ, Barreto SG, Shrikhande SV, Mohandas KM, Purandare N, Rangarajan V

PMID: 18431025 [PubMed - in process]
[Central inferior bisegmentectomy (S4B+S5) for gallbladder carcinoma treatment: a series of seven resectable cases.]

Fetched: April 22nd, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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[Central inferior bisegmentectomy (S4B+S5) for gallbladder carcinoma treatment: a series of seven resectable cases.]

Arq Gastroenterol. 2008 Jan-Mar;45(1):73-81

Authors: Costa SR, Horta SH, Miotto MJ, Costas MC, Godinho CA, Henriques AC

BACKGROUND: Despite its rarity, gallbladder cancer is an aggressive type of neoplasia with a very poor prognosis. The best resection for oncological purposes continues to be right hepatectomy extended to segment IV. However, bisegmentectomy IV-V is becoming an interesting alternative because of greater preservation of the parenchyma. AIM: To report the early and late results from bisegmentectomy IV-V in cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder. METHODS: A series of seven cases of invasive carcinoma is presented (six women and one man). These patients underwent bisegmentectomy IV-V at the General Surgery Service of the Teaching Hospital of the ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP, Brazil. The study was conducted between 2002 and 2006. The patients ages ranged from 52 to 72 years. The diagnosis was preoperative (radiological) in five cases, which were all confirmed by intraoperative frozen-tissue examination, while in two cases the diagnosis was postoperative, following open cholecystectomy. RESULTS: The duration of the operation ranged from 180 to 340 minutes. The quantity of intraoperative bleeding ranged from 200 to 1500 mL. There were two major complications but no mortality. Six patients did not present any recurrence over the course of 3 to 30 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Bisegmentectomy IV-V may constitute a curative surgical alternative for treating gallbladder cancer. This procedure presents acceptable morbidity and mortality.

PMID: 18425233 [PubMed - in process]
Obesity and cancer.

Fetched: April 17th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Obesity and cancer.

Proc Nutr Soc. 2008 May;67(2):128-45

Authors: Pischon T, Nöthlings U, Boeing H

The prevalence of obesity, defined as a BMI of >/=30.0 kg/m2, has increased substantially over previous decades to about 20% in industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for: post-menopausal breast cancer; cancers of the endometrium, colon and kidney; malignant adenomas of the oesophagus. Obese subjects have an approximately 1.5-3.5-fold increased risk of developing these cancers compared with normal-weight subjects, and it has been estimated that between 15 and 45% of these cancers can be attributed to overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity in Europe. More recent studies suggest that obesity may also increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic, hepatic and gallbladder cancer. The underlying mechanisms for the increased cancer risk as a result of obesity are unclear and may vary by cancer site and also depend on the distribution of body fat. Thus, abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference or waist:hip ratio has been shown to be more strongly related to certain cancer types than obesity as defined by BMI. Possible mechanisms that relate obesity to cancer risk include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, increased production of insulin-like growth factors or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones. Recent research also suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumourigenesis.

PMID: 18412987 [PubMed - in process]
Gallbladder polyps in primary sclerosing cholangitis: not so benign.

Fetched: April 15th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Gallbladder polyps in primary sclerosing cholangitis: not so benign.

Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008 May;24(3):395-9

Authors: Karlsen TH, Schrumpf E, Boberg KM

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The increased risk of malignancy of the biliary tract and colon observed in primary sclerosing cholangitis raises concerns as to whether standard guidelines for the practical handling of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder apply to this group of patients. The present review aims to summarize existing knowledge on this topic. RECENT FINDINGS: Two recent studies reported adenocarcinoma in approximately 60% of the polypoid lesions of the gallbladder in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. One of the adenocarcinomas in the first of these studies, as well as two reported adenocarcinomas in a recent case series, occurred in lesions less than 1 cm. Cholecystectomy is normally not advocated for lesions less than 1 cm, but may be justified in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. In several studies, foci of dysplasia were also detected in separate adenomas and regions of the gallbladder not primarily affected by cancer. Concurrent dysplasia and malignancies of the bile ducts and colon have also been reported, and suggest that an increased awareness of malignancy is warranted in patients once gallbladder neoplasia has been detected. SUMMARY: The increased risk of malignancy in primary sclerosing cholangitis also applies to polypoid lesions of the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy and intensified screening for dysplasia of the bile ducts and colon may be advisable in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with neoplasia of the gallbladder.

PMID: 18408471 [PubMed - in process]
Targeted therapies for cancer of the gallbladder.

Fetched: April 15th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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Targeted therapies for cancer of the gallbladder.

Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008 May;24(3):372-6

Authors: Thomas MB

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder are uncommon, aggressive tumors with poor survival. This review summarizes advances in understanding the biology of gallbladder cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: Published response rates of adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder to chemotherapy are less than 30% and no survival benefit has been demonstrated from palliative systemic therapy. New information on the molecular carcinogenic mechanisms of these malignancies, combined with findings from animal models, may lead to improved treatment for patients. SUMMARY: Improved understanding of the molecular carcinogenesis of adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder, coupled with the availability of novel molecularly 'targeted' chemotherapeutic agents, may improve outcome for patients.

PMID: 18408467 [PubMed - in process]
[A Case of Unresectable Advanced Gallbladder Cancer Successfully Treated by Oral S-1 and Hepatic Arterial Infusion (HAI) of Low-Dose CDDP Therapy.]

Fetched: April 15th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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[A Case of Unresectable Advanced Gallbladder Cancer Successfully Treated by Oral S-1 and Hepatic Arterial Infusion (HAI) of Low-Dose CDDP Therapy.]

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2008 Apr;35(4):645-7

Authors: Terakura M, Kaneko M, Ikebe T, Yoshioka H, Tanaka H

The patient was a 64-year-old woman. Oral S-1 and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of low-dose CDDP therapy were started for unresectable advanced gallbladder cancer associated with liver metastasis and numerous lymph node metastases. Marked regression of the liver metastasis and lymph node metastases was observed by this treatment, and upon completion of the second course they had almost completely resolved. The tumor marker values also converted to negative. We report a case in which oral S-1 and HAI of low-dose CDDP therapy was effective against advanced gallbladder cancer associated with liver metastasis and multiple lymph node metastases.

PMID: 18408436 [PubMed - in process]
CCR5 Delta32 polymorphism: associated with gallbladder cancer susceptibility.

Fetched: April 15th, 2008, 9:00pm EDT

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CCR5 Delta32 polymorphism: associated with gallbladder cancer susceptibility.

Scand J Immunol. 2008 May;67(5):516-22

Authors: Srivastava A, Pandey SN, Choudhuri G, Mittal B

Inflammation of gallbladder is an established risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC) pathogenesis. Chemokine receptors play crucial role in antitumour immunity and are involved in inflammation and pathogenesis of cancers. Present study was aimed to examine the role of CCR5 Delta32 polymorphism in conferring genetic susceptibility to GBC. Present case-control study included 144 proven GBC patients and 210 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Statistically significant difference was observed in distribution of CCR5+/Delta32 genotype (P = 0.028) [odds ratio (OR) = 2.850; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-7.2] and CCR5 Delta32 allele (P = 0.012) (OR = 3.145, 95% CI = 1.2-7.7) in GBC patients which was conferring high risk. Stratification of GBC patients showed significant association of CCR5+/Delta32 genotype and CCR5 Delta32 allele with GBC patients with and without gallstones. Analysis based on age of onset and gender suggested significant association of CCR5 Delta32 allele with early onset (<50 years) of the disease but only marginal influence of gender in CCR5 Delta32-mediated risk of cancer. Risk was further modulated by tobacco usage and significantly increased risk was observed in tobacco users with CCR5+/Delta32 genotype. In conclusion, CCR5+/Delta32 genotype and CCR5 Delta32 allele confer significant risk for GBC particularly in patients with early onset and tobacco usage. Role of CCR5+/Delta32 polymorphism in GBC susceptibility is independent of gallstone formation.

PMID: 18405329 [PubMed - in process]
[[18F]-FDG-PET in the Diagnostics of Gastrointestinal Tumors.]

Fetched: April 9th, 2008, 9:01pm EDT

Related Articles

[[18F]-FDG-PET in the Diagnostics of Gastrointestinal Tumors.]

Z Gastroenterol. 2008 Apr;46(4):367-75

Authors: Buchmann I, Ganten TM, Haberkorn U

Positron emission Tomography (PET) with 2-[ (18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) is a functional imaging technique with increasing value in special diagnostic fields of gastrointestinal tumours. In the initial staging of esophageal and gastric cancer, FDG-PET is useful in the staging of patients with advanced but local resectable disease. The detection of distant metastases results in an up-staging, and these patients should not be treated by surgery. Furthermore, FDG-PET is sufficient for monitoring early therapy responses after neoadjuvant treatment and enables one to select non-responders who may benefit from therapy alterations. Major indications for FDG-PET in patients with rectal carcinoma are therapy monitoring and diagnosis of relapses, especially the differentiation between tumour and scar and also the localisation of tumour manifestations in cases with increasing tumour markers. FDG-PET is very efficient in the imaging of pulmonal and hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer but not in lymph node staging. In diagnostic procedures for pancreatic carcinoma, FDG-PET can be recommended to explore the dignity of pancreatic lesions and in the imaging of tumour relapses. For gastrointestinal stroma tumours, FDG-PET is useful for the monitoring of therapy and the initial staging. For imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and carcinoma of the gall bladder, FDG-PET is not sufficient.

PMID: 18393156 [PubMed - in process]
Gallbladder agenesis with a stone in the cystic duct bud.

Fetched: April 9th, 2008, 9:01pm EDT

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Gallbladder agenesis with a stone in the cystic duct bud.

J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2008;15(2):220-3

Authors: Ishida M, Egawa S, Takahashi Y, Kohari M, Ohwada Y, Unno M

An 84-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of pyloric stenosis caused by gastric cancer. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging failed to demonstrate the gallbladder, but showed a gallstone in a ductlike structure parallel to the common bile duct. When laparotomy was performed, the gallbladder and the fossa were not observed, and a blind-end duct, similar to a cystic duct, was found beside the common bile duct. Incisional exploration of the common bile duct was done after distal gastrectomy; the gallstone was not found in the common bile duct, but in the duct parallel to it. By observing the duct beneath the common bile duct with a cholangioscope, we considered it to be a hypoplastic cystic duct. After the gallstone was removed, a T-tube was placed into the common bile duct. Agenesis

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